Abstract Functional compartmentalization of the cell nucleus plays an important role in the regulation of genome activity by providing accumulation of enzymes and auxiliary factors in the reaction centers, such as transcription factories, Cajal bodies, speckles, etc. The mechanisms behind the nucleus functional compartmentalization are still poorly understood. There are reasons to believe that the key role in the nucleus compartmentalization belongs to the process of liquid–liquid phase separation. In this brief review, we analyze results of experimental studies demonstrating that liquid–liquid phase separation not only governs functional compartmentalization of the cell nucleus but also contributes to the formation of the 3D genomic architecture.

中文翻译：

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液-液相分离在细胞核区室化和空间基因组组织中的作用

摘要 细胞核的功能区室化通过在转录工厂、Cajal 小体、斑点等反应中心提供酶和辅助因子的积累，在基因组活性的调节中发挥重要作用。 细胞核功能区室化背后的机制是还是不太了解。有理由相信核区室化的关键作用属于液-液相分离过程。在这篇简短的综述中，我们分析了实验研究的结果，表明液-液相分离不仅控制细胞核的功能区室化，而且有助于 3D 基因组结构的形成。