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Lead-free perovskite solar cells enabled by hetero-valent substitutes
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-03 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ee01153c Riming Nie 1, 2, 3, 4 , Ranadeep Raj Sumukam 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Sathy Harshavardhan Reddy 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Murali Banavoth 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Sang Il Seok 1, 2, 3, 4
Energy & Environmental Science ( IF 32.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-03 , DOI: 10.1039/d0ee01153c Riming Nie 1, 2, 3, 4 , Ranadeep Raj Sumukam 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Sathy Harshavardhan Reddy 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Murali Banavoth 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Sang Il Seok 1, 2, 3, 4
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Perovskite materials have demonstrated remarkable optoelectronic properties, which have placed them at the crux of the photovoltaic technology. In this era of striving for clean and economical methods of energy production, lead-based perovskites have become the key materials in photovoltaics owing to their facile solution processability and phenomenal performance. Unfortunately, lead toxicity poses a major hurdle to their scalability and widespread commercialization. Hence, to fulfill the indisputable need for energy, lead-free perovskites are considered to be a boon to the future of photovoltaic technology. In this perspective, we provide a comprehensive assessment of lead-free perovskite solar cells enabled by hetero-valent substitutes. These comprise A3B2X9-structured perovskites, halide double perovskites, and mixed metal halide–chalcogenide perovskites. Importantly, we emphasize the effects of cationic–anionic sites, metal substitutions, and solvents on the chemical and structural properties of A3B2X9-structured perovskites. Moreover, we also focus on antimony(V) perovskite-like materials and antimony-based perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) in the fabrication of devices. Two types of halide double perovskites are described, including A2B(I)B(III)X6 and A2B(IV)X6 double perovskites. Subsequently, chalcogenide perovskite solar cells are also discussed. Overall, the primary purpose of this perspective is to explicitly describe lead-free perovskite solar cells enabled by hetero-valent substitutions more broadly as a category of next-generation optoelectronic materials. Finally, we propose that mixed halide–chalcogenide perovskites offer a promising pathway towards achieving highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.
中文翻译：
异价替代物实现的无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池
钙钛矿材料已显示出非凡的光电性能，这使其成为光伏技术的关键。在这个追求清洁，经济的能源生产方法的时代，基于铅的钙钛矿由于其易加工的溶液可加工性和出色的性能而成为光伏中的关键材料。不幸的是，铅毒性对其可扩展性和广泛的商业化构成了主要障碍。因此，为了满足无可争议的能源需求，无铅钙钛矿被认为是光伏技术未来的福音。从这个角度出发，我们对由异价替代物实现的无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池进行了全面评估。这些包括A 3 B 2 X 9结构的钙钛矿，卤化物双钙钛矿和混合金属卤化物－硫属元素化物钙钛矿。重要的是，我们强调阳离子-阴离子位点，金属取代基和溶剂对A 3 B 2 X 9结构钙钛矿化学和结构性质的影响。此外，我们还着眼于锑（V）的钙钛矿类材料和在器件的制造中锑基钙钛矿纳米晶体（NCS）。描述了两种类型的卤化物双钙钛矿，包括A 2 B（I）B（III）X 6和A 2 B（IV）X 6双钙钛矿。随后，还讨论了硫族化物钙钛矿太阳能电池。总体而言，此观点的主要目的是明确地将通过异价取代实现的无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池更广泛地描述为下一代光电材料。最后，我们提出混合卤化物-硫属元素钙钛矿提供了一种有希望的途径，以实现高效，稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池。
更新日期：2020-06-03
中文翻译：
异价替代物实现的无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池
钙钛矿材料已显示出非凡的光电性能，这使其成为光伏技术的关键。在这个追求清洁，经济的能源生产方法的时代，基于铅的钙钛矿由于其易加工的溶液可加工性和出色的性能而成为光伏中的关键材料。不幸的是，铅毒性对其可扩展性和广泛的商业化构成了主要障碍。因此，为了满足无可争议的能源需求，无铅钙钛矿被认为是光伏技术未来的福音。从这个角度出发，我们对由异价替代物实现的无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池进行了全面评估。这些包括A 3 B 2 X 9结构的钙钛矿，卤化物双钙钛矿和混合金属卤化物－硫属元素化物钙钛矿。重要的是，我们强调阳离子-阴离子位点，金属取代基和溶剂对A 3 B 2 X 9结构钙钛矿化学和结构性质的影响。此外，我们还着眼于锑（V）的钙钛矿类材料和在器件的制造中锑基钙钛矿纳米晶体（NCS）。描述了两种类型的卤化物双钙钛矿，包括A 2 B（I）B（III）X 6和A 2 B（IV）X 6双钙钛矿。随后，还讨论了硫族化物钙钛矿太阳能电池。总体而言，此观点的主要目的是明确地将通过异价取代实现的无铅钙钛矿太阳能电池更广泛地描述为下一代光电材料。最后，我们提出混合卤化物-硫属元素钙钛矿提供了一种有希望的途径，以实现高效，稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池。
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