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Nitrogen-Fertilizer Recovery from the Centrate of Anaerobically Digested Sludge
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00355 Srimali Preethika Munasinghe-Arachchige 1 , Nagamany Nirmalakhandan 1
Environmental Science & Technology Letters ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00355 Srimali Preethika Munasinghe-Arachchige 1 , Nagamany Nirmalakhandan 1
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Provision of nitrogenous nutrient needs for plants, animals, and humans is heavily dependent on manufactured N-fertilizers. While the Haber–Bosch process has served the global demand for manufactured N-fertilizers, concerns have been raised about its energy footprint (12.1 kWh/kg of NH3-N) and the challenges in meeting increasing demands (1.2 × 1011 kg of NH3-N/year). Recognizing that ∼30% of the manufactured N-fertilizers ends up in sewage and 60–65% of that is dissipated into the atmosphere at an additional energy expenditure of 3–4 kWh/kg of N, it is acknowledged that recovering N from sewage can be a sustainable approach for meeting a fraction of the future demand. Currently, anaerobically digested municipal sewage and livestock manure offer the greatest potential for the recovery of N. Here, we review and rank the following technologies that have been recommended for recovering N-fertilizers from these streams: air stripping, ultrafiltration/ion exchange, struvite precipitation, ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis, and gas permeable membrane separation. Because these technologies differ widely in terms of pretreatment, operating conditions, recovery performance, chemical and energy demands, and post-treatment, we have adopted the PROMETHEE method of multicriterion analysis to rank them considering 10 performance criteria. Results of this analysis indicated the gas permeable membrane technology as the preferred option followed by struvite precipitation.
中文翻译：
从厌氧消化污泥中回收氮肥
为植物，动物和人类提供的氮素营养需求在很大程度上取决于人造N肥料。尽管哈伯-博世工艺满足了全球对人造氮肥的需求，但人们对其能源足迹（12.1 kWh / kg NH 3 -N）和满足日益增长的需求（1.2×10 11 kg NH 3-N /年）。认识到约有30％的人造氮肥最终排入污水中，其中60–65％的氮肥以3–4 kWh / kg的氮的额外能源消耗散发到大气中，因此可以认识到从污水中回收N可以满足部分需求的可持续方法。目前，厌氧消化的城市污水和牲畜粪便为氮的回收提供了最大的潜力。在这里，我们对以下推荐的从这些流中回收氮肥的技术进行综述和排名：空气汽提，超滤/离子交换，鸟粪石沉淀，超滤/反渗透和透气膜分离。由于这些技术在预处理，操作条件，回收性能，化学和能源需求方面存在很大差异，在后处理方面，我们采用了多标准分析的PROMETHEE方法，以考虑10个性能标准对其进行了排名。分析结果表明，透气膜技术是鸟粪石沉淀之后的首选。
更新日期：2020-07-14
中文翻译：
从厌氧消化污泥中回收氮肥
为植物，动物和人类提供的氮素营养需求在很大程度上取决于人造N肥料。尽管哈伯-博世工艺满足了全球对人造氮肥的需求，但人们对其能源足迹（12.1 kWh / kg NH 3 -N）和满足日益增长的需求（1.2×10 11 kg NH 3-N /年）。认识到约有30％的人造氮肥最终排入污水中，其中60–65％的氮肥以3–4 kWh / kg的氮的额外能源消耗散发到大气中，因此可以认识到从污水中回收N可以满足部分需求的可持续方法。目前，厌氧消化的城市污水和牲畜粪便为氮的回收提供了最大的潜力。在这里，我们对以下推荐的从这些流中回收氮肥的技术进行综述和排名：空气汽提，超滤/离子交换，鸟粪石沉淀，超滤/反渗透和透气膜分离。由于这些技术在预处理，操作条件，回收性能，化学和能源需求方面存在很大差异，在后处理方面，我们采用了多标准分析的PROMETHEE方法，以考虑10个性能标准对其进行了排名。分析结果表明，透气膜技术是鸟粪石沉淀之后的首选。
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