Data centers are giant factories of Internet data and services. Worldwide data centers consume energy and emit emissions more than airline industry. Unfortunately, most of data centers are significantly underutilized. One of the major reasons is the big gaps between the real usage and the provisioned resources because users tend to over-estimate their demand and data center operators often rely on users' requests for resource allocation. In this paper, we first conduct an in-depth analysis of a Google cluster trace to unveil the root causes for low utilization and highlight the great potential to improve it. We then developed an online resource manager Flex to maximize the cluster utilization while satisfying the Quality of Service (QoS). Large-scale evaluations based on real-world traces show that Flex admits up to 1.74x more requests and 1.6x higher utilization compared to tradition schedulers while maintaining the QoS.

中文翻译：

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Flex：缩小使用和分配之间的差距

数据中心是互联网数据和服务的巨型工厂。全球数据中心消耗的能源和排放量超过航空业。不幸的是，大多数数据中心都没有得到充分利用。主要原因之一是实际使用量与提供的资源之间存在巨大差距，因为用户往往会高估自己的需求，而数据中心运营商往往依赖于用户的资源分配请求。在本文中，我们首先对 Google 集群跟踪进行深入分析，以揭示利用率低的根本原因，并突出改进它的巨大潜力。然后我们开发了一个在线资源管理器 Flex 来最大化集群利用率，同时满足服务质量 (QoS)。基于真实世界轨迹的大规模评估表明，Flex 最多接受 1.74 倍的请求和 1.74 倍的请求。