For nearly a century, biologists have modeled the evolution of sex chromosomes—the genetic instructions that primarily determine whether an individual will develop into a male or female (or a certain mating type)—resulting in an impressive theoretical framework. Now, thanks to the publication of genomic data from a wide variety of nonmodel organisms, these theories are being tested against empirical evidence from nature—often with surprising results. In a new review in Genome Biology and Evolution, Benjamin Furman, Judith Mank, and colleagues detail the surprising number of exceptions to the purported rules of sex chromosome evolution theory, revealing the potential limitations to our understanding of chromosome-based sex-determination systems (Furman et al. 2020).

中文翻译：

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亮点：性别决定中的例外是规则

近一个世纪以来，生物学家对性染色体的进化进行了建模，这是一种遗传学原理，其主要决定一个人是否会发展成雄性或雌性（或某种特定的交配类型）的遗传学指导，其结果令人印象深刻。现在，得益于来自各种非模型生物的基因组数据的发布，这些理论正在针对来自自然界的经验证据进行测试-通常会产生令人惊讶的结果。本杰明·弗曼（Benjamin Furman），朱迪思·曼克（Judith Mank）及其同事在《基因组生物学与进化》的最新评论中详细介绍了性染色体进化理论所谓规则的令人惊讶的例外情况，揭示了我们对基于染色体的性别决定系统的理解的潜在局限性（ Furman et al.2020）。