Corticolous lichens in the central mountains of Sri Lanka differ with vegetation type, disturbance and climate. All growth forms of lichens were studied in 42 plots (six plots × seven vegetation types), yielding 124 species. Lichen species diversity varied with number of tree species per plot (correlations) and differed with disturbance group, vegetation type and climate zone (general linear models). Lichen community composition (estimated cover of 74 species each at ≥ 3 plots) varied along two ordination gradients secondarily correlated with disturbance (nonmetric multidimensional scaling, NMS). Undisturbed and disturbed plots (mostly grouped by vegetation type) were divided along NMS axis 1, correlating with distance to undisturbed forest. Longest-disturbed plots differed from all others along NMS axis 2 and were correlated with canopy cover. Climate was weakly reflected on the ordination as the proximity of two plot clusters in montane vegetation types. Indicator species analyses (ISA) of lichen cover by plot identified 60 strong indicator species (indicator value ≥ 50%, P < 0.015). Fifty-seven species were indicators for individual vegetation types (28 of them for undisturbed types); three were for a disturbance group only; 11 were also for a disturbance group or climate zone. Most species strongly driving ordination patterns were also ISA indicators. Most lichens were crustose (39, with 24 in the Graphidaceae). Each vegetation type had at least one indicator with trentepohliod algae (increasing for undisturbed plots) and one with chlorococcoid algae. Two visually distinct indicator species, three genera and two multi-genus groups will be useful to parataxonomists in forest evaluation.

中文翻译：

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皮质地衣物种作为斯里兰卡中部山区受干扰/未受干扰植被类型的指标

斯里兰卡中部山区的皮质地衣因植被类型、干扰和气候而异。在 42 个样地（6 个样地 × 7 种植被类型）中研究了地衣的所有生长形式，产生了 124 个物种。地衣物种多样性随每个样地的树种数量（相关性）而变化，并因干扰组、植被类型和气候带而异（一般线性模型）。地衣群落组成（估计覆盖 74 个物种，每个 ≥ 3 个地块）沿着与干扰次要相关的两个排序梯度（非度量多维尺度，NMS）变化。未受干扰和受干扰的地块（主要按植被类型分组）沿 NMS 轴 1 划分，与与未受干扰的森林的距离相关。最长扰动地块与 NMS 轴 2 上的所有其他地块不同，并且与冠层覆盖相关。由于山地植被类型中两个地块簇的接近，气候在排序上的反映很弱。地衣覆盖的指示物种分析 (ISA) 确定了 60 个强指示物种（指示值 ≥ 50%，磷< 0.015)。57 个物种是单个植被类型的指标（其中 28 个是未受干扰类型）；三个仅用于干扰组；11 个也用于干扰组或气候区。大多数强烈驱动排序模式的物种也是ISA指标。大多数地衣是硬壳的（39 个，其中 24 个在葫芦科）。每种植被类型至少有一个指标是 trentepohliod 藻类（对于未受干扰的地块增加）和一个绿球藻指标。两个视觉上不同的指示物种，三个属和两个多属组将对森林评估中的副分类学家有用。