Pest control is easier and more effective when pests are correctly identified. The Black Parlatoria Scale, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas, 1853) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) is an important invasive pest in citrus-growing countries. This diaspidid has historically been difficult to control, because its immature stages are difficult to identify due to confusion with similar Parlatoria species. No field descriptions of female or male developmental stages are available for P. ziziphi. We provide the first description of field characteristics of the developmental stages of P. ziziphi. Colonies were reared in the laboratory on sour orange plants and lemon fruits to illustrate the distinctive features of each instar. An illustrated field guide of all life-cycle stages of male and female P. ziziphi is provided for correct species identification and better pest management. This tool is designed to help recognize P. ziziphi in field-scouting programmes or quarantine inspections, without the need for taxonomic expertise in identifying the Parlatoria group.

中文翻译：

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Black Parlatoria Scale, Parlatoria ziziphi (Lucas, 1853) (半翅目: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae): 田间鉴定指南

当害虫被正确识别时，害虫控制更容易和更有效。黑色帕拉托利亚量表，紫菜(Lucas, 1853) (半翅目: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) 是柑橘种植国的一种重要入侵性害虫。这种 diaspidid 在历史上一直难以控制，因为它的未成熟阶段由于与类似的混淆而难以识别帕拉托利亚物种。没有关于女性或男性发育阶段的领域描述可用于P. ziziphi. 我们提供了第一个描述的发展阶段的领域特征P. ziziphi. 在实验室中用酸橙植物和柠檬果实培育了菌落，以说明每个龄期的独特特征。男性和女性所有生命周期阶段的图解现场指南P. ziziphi提供了正确的物种识别和更好的害虫管理。该工具旨在帮助识别P. ziziphi在实地侦察计划或检疫检查中，不需要分类学专业知识来识别帕拉托利亚团体。