Cyanobacterial blooms are the most important and best studied type of harmful algal blooms in fresh waters and brackish coastal seas. We here review how and to which extent they resist grazing by zooplankton, how zooplankton responds to cyanobacterial blooms and how these effects are further transmitted to fish. Size, toxicity and poor nutritional value are widespread mechanisms of grazing defense by cyanobacteria. In some cases, defenses are inducible, in some they are obligate. However, to some extent zooplankton overcome grazing resistance, partly after evolutionary adaptation. Cyanotoxins are also harmful to fish and may cause fish kills. However, some fish species feed on Cyanobacteria, are able to reduce their abundance, and grow on a cyanobacterial diet. While reduced edibility for crustacean zooplankton tends to elongate the food chain from primary producers to fish, direct feeding by fish tends to shorten it. The few available comparative studies relating fish yield to nutrients or phytoplankton provide no indication that cyanobacteria should reduce the ratio fish production: primary production.

中文翻译：

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大型和群落蓝藻有害繁殖对水生食物网的影响

蓝藻水华是淡水和微咸沿海海域中最重要和研究最深入的有害藻华类型。我们在这里回顾了它们如何以及在多大程度上抵抗浮游动物的放牧，浮游动物如何对蓝藻大量繁殖以及这些影响如何进一步传播给鱼类。尺寸、毒性和营养价值差是蓝藻防御放牧的普遍机制。在某些情况下，防御是可诱导的，在某些情况下，它们是强制性的。然而，在某种程度上，浮游动物克服了食草抵抗，部分是在进化适应之后。蓝藻毒素对鱼类也有害，可能导致鱼类死亡。然而，一些鱼类以蓝藻为食，能够减少它们的丰度，并以蓝藻为食。虽然浮游甲壳类动物的可食性降低往往会延长从初级生产者到鱼类的食物链，但鱼类的直接进食往往会缩短食物链。为数不多的关于鱼类产量与养分或浮游植物的比较研究没有表明蓝藻应该降低鱼类产量：初级产量的比例。