In recent years, high-throughput lipid profiling has contributed to understand the biological, physiological and pathological roles of lipids in living organisms. Across all kingdoms of life, important cell and systemic processes are mediated by lipids including compartmentalization, signaling and energy homeostasis. Despite important advances in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, sample extraction procedures remain a bottleneck in lipidomic studies, since the wide structural diversity of lipids imposes a constrain in the type and amount of lipids extracted. Differences in extraction yield across lipid classes can induce a bias on down-stream analysis and outcomes. This review aims to summarize current lipid extraction techniques used for untargeted and targeted studies based on mass spectrometry. Considerations, applications, and limitations of these techniques are discussed when used to extract lipids in complex biological matrices, such as tissues, biofluids, foods, and microorganisms.

中文翻译：

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探索脂质组：用于质谱分析的当前脂质提取技术。

近年来，高通量脂质谱分析有助于理解脂质在生物体中的生物学，生理和病理作用。在所有生命王国中，重要的细胞和系统过程均由脂质介导，包括区室化，信号传导和能量稳态。尽管液相色谱和质谱技术取得了重要的进步，但由于脂质的广泛结构多样性对提取的脂质的类型和数量施加了限制，因此样品提取程序仍然是脂质组学研究的瓶颈。跨脂质类别的提取产量差异可能会导致下游分析和结果产生偏差。这篇综述旨在总结当前用于基于质谱的非靶向和靶向研究的脂质提取技术。注意事项，应用，