Excessive accumulation of nitrates in vegetables is a common issue that poses a potential threat to human health. The absorption, translocation, and assimilation of nitrates in vegetables are tightly regulated by the interaction of internal cues (expression of related genes and enzyme activities) and external environmental factors. In addition to global food security, food nutritional quality is recognized as being of strategic importance by most governments and other agencies. Therefore, the identification and development of sustainable, innovative, and inexpensive approaches for increasing vegetable production and concomitantly reducing nitrate concentration are extremely important. Under controlled environmental conditions, optimal fertilizer/nutrient element management and environmental regulation play vital roles in producing vegetables with low nitrate content. In this review, we present some of the recent findings concerning the effects of environmental factors (e.g., light, temperature, and CO₂) and fertilizer/nutrient solution management strategies on nitrate reduction in vegetables grown under controlled environments and discuss the possible molecular mechanisms. We also highlight several perspectives for future research to optimize the yield and nutrition quality of leafy vegetables grown in controlled environments.

中文翻译：

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环境对受控环境中生长的叶类蔬菜硝酸盐积累影响的综述。


蔬菜中硝酸盐过量积累是一个常见问题，对人类健康构成潜在威胁。蔬菜中硝酸盐的吸收、易位和同化受到内部信号（相关基因的表达和酶活性）和外部环境因素的相互作用的严格调节。除了全球粮食安全之外，大多数政府和其他机构都认为食品营养质量具有战略重要性。因此，确定和开发可持续、创新且廉价的方法来增加蔬菜产量并同时降低硝酸盐浓度极为重要。在受控的环境条件下，优化的肥料/营养元素管理和环境调节对于生产低硝酸盐含量的蔬菜起着至关重要的作用。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了一些关于环境因素（例如光、温度和CO ₂ ）和肥料/营养液管理策略对受控环境下生长的蔬菜硝酸盐减少影响的最新发现，并讨论了可能的分子机制。我们还强调了未来研究的几个观点，以优化在受控环境下种植的叶类蔬菜的产量和营养质量。