Micromorphological analysis is used to improve our understanding of wetland site taphonomy and stratigraphy. Twelve profile columns from the Neolithic lakeshore site of Zug‐Riedmatt are macroscopically described here, microscopic analyses are applied to sediment facies, defining 14 sedimentary units (U): The natural basal sediment (U1) is carbonate‐rich, U2 a transition phase to the anthropogenic units U3 to U12. Uppermost are the natural carbonate‐rich U13 and U14. The creation of a micromorphological database and the application of 27 defined indices allow a better understanding of the natural, anthropogenic and taphonomic processes taking place at the site. Natural sediment input originated from Lake Zug, the nearby river Lorze with its delta, and a local marshy waterbody. Organic rich accumulations and calcitic ash played a major role in pH changes, leading to carbonate and silica dissolution, alongside bone alteration. Signs of degradation processes under aerobic and anaerobic conditions within a single layer points to complex, multiphase processes under changing water levels, a milieu belonging to both land and water, an amphibious environment. Finally, good layer preservation seemingly correlates to low aquatic reworking in a stable depositional context linked to the marshy area.

中文翻译：

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仍然水深吗？新石器时代湿地站点祖格-里德马特（瑞士）自然和人为沉积物的形成过程

微观形态学分析用于增进我们对湿地站点的地形学和地层学的理解。此处从宏观上描述了楚格-里德马特的新石器时代湖岸站点的十二个剖面柱，对沉积相进行了微观分析，定义了14个沉积单元（U）：天然基础沉积物（U1）富含碳酸盐，U2为过渡相。人为单位U3至U12。最上面是富含碳酸盐的天然U13和U14。建立微观形态数据库和应用27种定义的指标可以更好地了解该地点发生的自然，人为和同源过程。天然沉积物的输入来自楚格湖，附近的洛尔茨河及其三角洲以及当地的沼泽水体。富含有机物的沉积物和钙质灰分在pH值变化中起主要作用，导致碳酸盐和二氧化硅的溶解以及骨骼的改变。在有氧和厌氧条件下，单层降解过程的迹象表明，在水位变化的情况下，复杂的多相过程是一种土地和水都属于环境的两栖环境。最后，在与沼泽地区有关的稳定沉积环境中，良好的层保存看来与低水位返工有关。