1. R is an open‐source programming environment for statistical computing and graphics structured by numerous contributed packages. The current packages used for biodiversity research focus on limited, particular aspects of biodiversity. Most packages focus on the number and abundance of species.
2. I present an r package named adiv that provides additional methods to measure and analyse biodiversity. adiv contains approaches to quantify species‐based, trait‐based (functional) and phylogenetic diversity (a) within communities (α diversity), (b) between communities (β diversity) and (c) to partition it over space and time (α, β and γ levels of diversity). Partitioning approaches allow evaluating whether the levels of α and β diversity could have been obtained by chance. Moreover, groups of biological entities (e.g. species of the same clade or with similar biological characteristics) that drive each level of diversity (α, β and γ) can be identified via ordination analyses.
3. Although the package focuses on interspecific diversity in its current state, the developed approaches can also be applied to analyse intraspecific diversity or, at another level, ecosystem diversity. More generally, the functions can be applied in any discipline interested in the concept of diversity, such as economics or linguistics. Indeed, all available approaches can be easily applied at other scales and to other disciplines provided that the data have the required format: a matrix of abundance or presence/absence data of some entities in some collections and information on the differences between the entities.
4. adiv aims to complement existing r packages to provide scientists with a wide variety of diversity indices, as each index reflects a very specific facet of biodiversity. adiv will grow in the future to integrate as many validated approaches for biodiversity analysis as possible, not yet available in r. As it includes both traditional and recent viewpoints on how biodiversity should be evaluated, adiv offers a promising platform where methods to analyse biodiversity can be developed and compared in terms of their statistical behaviour and biological relevance. Applications of the most relevant tools for a given study aim will eventually improve research on human‐driven variations in biodiversity.

中文翻译：

---

adiv：分析生态系统中生物多样性的一揽子计划

1. R是一个开源编程环境，用于统计计算和由众多贡献软件包构成的图形。目前用于生物多样性研究的一揽子计划侧重于生物多样性的有限，特定方面。大多数软件包着眼于物种的数量和丰富度。
2. 我介绍了一个名为adiv的r软件包，它提供了测量和分析生物多样性的其他方法。adiv包含量化基于物种，基于特征（功能）和系统发育多样性的方法（a）社区内（α多样性），（b）社区之间（β多样性）和（c）在空间和时间上划分物种（α），β和γ的多样性水平）。分区方法可以评估α和β的水平可以偶然获得多样性。而且，可以通过排序分析来识别驱动每个多样性水平（α，β和γ）的生物实体（例如，具有相同进化枝或具有相似生物学特性的物种）的组。
3. 尽管该软件包着眼于当前状态下的种间多样性，但已开发的方法也可以用于分析种内多样性，或者在另一个层面上分析生态系统多样性。更一般而言，这些功能可以应用于对多样性概念感兴趣的任何学科，例如经济学或语言学。确实，所有可用的方法都可以轻松地以其他规模和其他学科应用，只要数据具有所需的格式即可：某些集合中某些实体的丰度或存在/不存在数据矩阵以及有关实体之间差异的信息。
4. adiv旨在补充现有的r软件包，为科学家提供各种各样的多样性指数，因为每个指数都反映了生物多样性的非常具体的方面。adiv未来将不断发展，以整合尽可能多的经过验证的生物多样性分析方法，而r中尚未提供。由于它包括传统和近期关于如何评估生物多样性的观点，因此adiv提供了一个有前途的平台，可以在此平台上开发和分析生物多样性的统计行为和生物学相关性的方法。对于给定的研究目标，应用最相关的工具将最终改善对人类驱动的生物多样性变化的研究。