Abstract Zoonotic pathogens and parasites that are transmitted from vertebrates to humans are a major public health risk with high associated global economic costs. The spread of these pathogens and risk of transmission accelerate with recent anthropogenic land‐use changes (LUC) such as deforestation, urbanisation, and agricultural intensification, factors that are expected to increase in the future due to human population expansion and increasing demand for resources. We systematically review the literature on anthropogenic LUC and zoonotic diseases, highlighting the most prominent mammalian reservoirs and pathogens, and identifying avenues for future research. The majority of studies were global reviews that did not focus on specific taxa. South America and Asia were the most‐studied regions, while the most‐studied LUC was urbanisation. Livestock were studied more within the context of agricultural intensification, carnivores with urbanisation and helminths, bats with deforestation and viruses, and primates with habitat fragmentation and protozoa. Research into specific animal reservoirs has improved our understanding of how the spread of zoonotic diseases is affected by LUC. The behaviour of hosts can be altered when their habitats are changed, impacting the pathogens they carry and the probability of disease spreading to humans. Understanding this has enabled the identification of factors that alter the risk of emergence (such as virulence, pathogen diversity, and ease of transmission). Yet, many pathogens and impacts of LUC other than urbanisation have been understudied. Predicting how zoonotic diseases emerge and spread in response to anthropogenic LUC requires more empirical and data synthesis studies that link host ecology and responses with pathogen ecology and disease spread. The link between anthropogenic impacts on the natural environment and the recent COVID‐19 pandemic highlights the urgent need to understand how anthropogenic LUC affects the risk of spillover to humans and spread of zoonotic diseases originating in mammals.

中文翻译：

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源自哺乳动物的新出现的人畜共患病：对人为土地利用变化影响的系统评价

摘要 从脊椎动物传播给人类的人畜共患病病原体和寄生虫是一项重大的公共卫生风险，具有高相关的全球经济成本。这些病原体的传播和传播风险随着最近的人为土地利用变化 (LUC) 而加速，例如森林砍伐、城市化和农业集约化，这些因素预计在未来由于人口扩张和对资源的需求增加而增加。我们系统地回顾了关于人为 LUC 和人畜共患病的文献，突出了最突出的哺乳动物宿主和病原体，并确定了未来研究的途径。大多数研究是不关注特定分类群的全球评论。南美洲和亚洲是研究最多的地区，而 LUC 研究最多的是城市化。在农业集约化、城市化和蠕虫的食肉动物、森林砍伐和病毒的蝙蝠以及栖息地破碎和原生动物的灵长类动物的背景下，对畜牧业的研究更多。对特定动物宿主的研究提高了我们对人畜共患病传播如何受 LUC 影响的理解。当宿主的栖息地发生变化时，宿主的行为可能会发生改变，从而影响它们携带的病原体以及疾病传播给人类的可能性。了解这一点可以确定改变出现风险的因素（例如毒力、病原体多样性和传播的难易程度）。然而，除了城市化之外，LUC 的许多病原体和影响尚未得到充分研究。预测人为疾病如何出现和传播以应对人为 LUC 需要更多的经验和数据综合研究，将宿主生态学和反应与病原体生态学和疾病传播联系起来。人为对自然环境的影响与最近的 COVID-19 大流行之间的联系凸显了迫切需要了解人为 LUC 如何影响人类传播风险和源自哺乳动物的人畜共患疾病的传播。