In this study, graphene oxide was modified during consecutive functionalization steps with 1,4‐diphenylamine, cyanuric chloride, and ethylenediamine. Then, star‐shaped CuO nanoparticles were synthesized on modified graphene oxide using the seed‐mediated growth method in which nucleation, growth stages, and reduction of graphene oxide to graphene occurred simultaneously. After ensuring successful synthesis of CuO nanoparticles and to facilitate recycling, a magnetization process was utilized by adding iron oxide nanoparticles. This nanocomposite was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The prepared heterogeneous catalyst was investigated for the reduction of organic dyes in the presence of NaBH₄ as a reducing reagent. The kinetic data obtained for the reduction of methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB), 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP), and rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) were fitted to first‐order rate equations, and the calculated rate constants for the reduction of MO, MB, 4‐NP and Rh6G were as follows: −0.091, −0.071, −0.045, and 0.040, respectively. As star‐shaped CuO nanoparticles showed a higher antibacterial effect compared to spherical‐shaped CuO nanoparticles, the antibacterial activity of star‐shaped CuO nanoparticles immobilized on magnetic functionalized graphene was evaluated against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria through an agar well diffusion assay and demonstrated more antibacterial activity against gram‐positive bacteria.

中文翻译：

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磁性官能化石墨烯负载星形CuO纳米粒子的合成：催化和抗菌活性

在这项研究中，氧化石墨烯在连续的功能化步骤中被1,4-二苯胺，氰尿酰氯和乙二胺改性。然后，使用种子介导的生长方法在改性氧化石墨烯上合成星形CuO纳米颗粒，其中成核，生长阶段和氧化石墨烯还原为石墨烯同时发生。在确保成功合成CuO纳米颗粒并促进回收之后，通过添加氧化铁纳米颗粒来利用磁化过程。该纳米复合材料的特征在于透射电子显微镜，X射线粉末衍射，扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶变换红外光谱。研究了制备的非均相催化剂在NaBH ₄存在下还原有机染料的能力。作为还原剂。将获得的用于还原甲基橙（MO），亚甲基蓝（MB），4-硝基苯酚（4-NP）和若丹明6G（Rh6G）的动力学数据拟合至一阶速率方程式，并计算得到的速率常数MO，MB，4-NP和Rh6G的降低分别为-0.091，-0.071，-0.045和0.040。由于星形CuO纳米颗粒显示出比球形CuO纳米颗粒更高的抗菌效果，因此通过琼脂孔扩散分析评估了固定在磁性功能化石墨烯上的星形CuO纳米颗粒对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌的抗菌活性。并显示出对革兰氏阳性细菌的更多抗菌活性。