Many studies have investigated how social exclusion influences cognitive control but reported inconsistent findings. Based on the dual mechanisms of control framework, this study investigated how social exclusion influences proactive and reactive modes of control (Experiment 1) and the underlying mechanisms (Experiment 2). The Cyberball game was used to manipulate social exclusion. Eighty‐six female participants (about 40 for each experiment) performed cognitive control tasks while event‐related potentials were recorded. In Experiment 1, an AX Continuous Performance Task (AX‐CPT) was adopted to differentiate between proactive and reactive control. Results showed that social exclusion weakened proactive control but enhanced reactive control, as reflected by the weaker proactive control indicators (i.e., P3b and CNV), but strengthened reactive control indicators (accuracy and N2) in excluded individuals. More importantly, in Experiment 2, through varying in whether task cues were available before or after target onset in a cued‐flanker task, we further manipulated the possibility of engaging proactive control, and found the weakened proactive control could be attributed to both impaired cognitive ability and lowered motivation to engage proactive control in excluded individuals. Together, these results provide insight on how social exclusion influences cognitive control and suggest promising implications for designing effective interventions to relieve the negative impact of social exclusion.

中文翻译：

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社会排斥调节认知控制的双重机制：来自 ERP 的证据。

许多研究调查了社会排斥如何影响认知控制，但报告的结果不一致。本研究基于控制框架的双重机制，研究了社会排斥如何影响主动和被动控制模式（实验1）及其潜在机制（实验2）。Cyber​​ball 游戏被用来操纵社会排斥。86 名女性参与者（每个实验约 40 名）执行认知控制任务，同时记录事件相关电位。在实验 1 中，采用 AX 连续性能任务 (AX-CPT) 来区分主动控制和反应控制。结果表明，社会排斥削弱了主动控制，但增强了反应控制，表现为较弱的主动控制指标（即 P3b 和 CNV），但在被排除的个体中加强了反应控制指标（准确度和 N2）。更重要的是，在实验 2 中，通过改变提示侧翼任务中任务提示在目标出现之前或之后是否可用，我们进一步操纵了主动控制的可能性，发现主动控制减弱可归因于认知能力受损对被排斥的个体进行主动控制的能力和动机降低。总之，这些结果提供了关于社会排斥如何影响认知控制的见解，并为设计有效的干预措施以减轻社会排斥的负面影响提出了有希望的影响。通过改变在提示侧翼任务中目标开始之前或之后任务线索是否可用，我们进一步操纵了主动控制的可能性，并发现主动控制的减弱可归因于认知能力受损和主动参与的动机降低排除个人的控制。总之，这些结果提供了关于社会排斥如何影响认知控制的见解，并为设计有效的干预措施以减轻社会排斥的负面影响提出了有希望的影响。通过改变在提示侧翼任务中目标开始之前或之后任务线索是否可用，我们进一步操纵了主动控制的可能性，并发现主动控制的减弱可归因于认知能力受损和主动参与的动机降低排除个人的控制。总之，这些结果提供了关于社会排斥如何影响认知控制的见解，并为设计有效的干预措施以减轻社会排斥的负面影响提出了有希望的影响。