Mutualism is not restricted to tree-killing bark beetles and fungi: the ecological stoichiometry of secondary bark beetles, fungi, and a scavenger,Ecological Entomology

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Mutualism is not restricted to tree-killing bark beetles and fungi: the ecological stoichiometry of secondary bark beetles, fungi, and a scavenger
Ecological Entomology ( IF 2.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-02 , DOI: 10.1111/een.12897
Diana L. Six ₁ , James J. Elser ₂

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1. All bark beetles are in symbiosis with fungi. Although obligate mutualisms with fungi are common with tree‐killing bark beetles (primaries), fungi associated with non‐tree‐killing bark beetles (secondaries) are usually dismissed as commensals.

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