Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae, causes acute diarrhea and/or vomiting, dehydration and high mortality in neonatal piglets. Two different genogroups of PEDV, S INDEL [PEDV variant containing multiple deletions and insertions in the S1 subunit of the spike (S) protein, G1b] and non-S INDEL (G2b) strains were detected during the diarrheal disease outbreak in US swine in 2013–2014. Similar viruses are also circulating globally. Continuous improvement and update of biosecurity and vaccine strains and protocols are still needed to control and prevent PEDV infections worldwide. Although the non-S INDEL PEDV was highly virulent and the S INDEL PEDV caused milder disease, the latter has the capacity to cause illness in a high number of piglets on farms with low biosecurity and herd immunity. The main PEDV transmission route is fecal–oral, but airborne transmission via the fecal–nasal route may play a role in pig-to-pig and farm-to-farm spread. PEDV infection of neonatal pigs causes fecal virus shedding (alongside frequent detection of PEDV RNA in the nasal cavity), acute viremia, severe atrophic enteritis (mainly jejunum and ileum), and increased pro-inflammatory and innate immune responses. PEDV-specific IgA effector and memory B cells in orally primed sows play a critical role in sow lactogenic immunity and passive protection of piglets. This review focuses on the etiology, transmission, pathogenesis, and prevention and control of PEDV infection.

猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV），冠状病毒科Alphacoronavirus的成员引起仔猪的急性腹泻和/或呕吐，脱水和高死亡率。在美国猪的腹泻病暴发期间，发现了PEDV的两个不同基因组，S INDEL [在穗型（S）蛋白，G1b的S1亚基中包含多个缺失和插入的PEDV变异株]和非S INDEL（G2b）株。 2013–2014。类似病毒也在全球范围内传播。仍需要持续改进和更新生物安全性，疫苗株和方案，以控制和预防全世界的PEDV感染。尽管非S INDEL PEDV的毒性很高，并且S INDEL PEDV引起的病情较轻，但后者具有在生物安全性和畜群免疫力较低的农场上的大量仔猪中引起疾病​​的能力。PEDV的主要传播途径是粪-口传播，但通过空中传播通过粪鼻途径可能在猪到猪和农场到农场的传播中起作用。新生猪的PEDV感染会导致粪便病毒脱落（同时在鼻腔中频繁检测到PEDV RNA），急性病毒血症，严重的萎缩性肠炎（主要是空肠和回肠）以及促炎性和先天性免疫反应增加。口服引发母猪的PEDV特异性IgA效应子和记忆B细胞在母猪泌乳原性免疫和仔猪被动保护中起关键作用。本文综述了PEDV感染的病因，传播，发病机理以及预防和控制。