The synthesis of truffle ectomycorrhizae and the ecology of truffle-colonized seedlings in the early symbiotic stage are important for the successful truffle cultivation. In this study, two black truffle species, Tuber melanosporum and Tuber indicum, were selected to colonize Pinus armandii seedlings. 2, 4, 6 and 8 months after inoculation, the growth performance of the host and the rhizosphere soil properties were detected. The dynamic changes of two mating type genes in substrate were also monitored to assess the sexual distribution of truffles. Additionally, the variation of soil bacterial communities encoded by phoD alkaline phosphatase genes was investigated through next-generation sequencing. The results indicated that both T. melanosporum and T. indicum colonization promoted the growth of P. armandii seedlings to some extent, including improving their biomass, total root surface area, root superoxide dismutases and peroxidase activity. The organic matter and available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil were also significantly enhanced by two truffles’ colonization. The phoD-harboring bacterial community structure was altered by both truffles, and T. melanosporum decreased their diversity or richness on the 6th and 8th month after inoculation. Pseudomonas, Xanthomonas, and Sinorhizobium, a N₂-fixer with phoD genes, were found more abundant in truffle-colonized treatments. The mating type distribution of the two truffles was uneven, with MAT1−1-1 gene occupying the majority. Overall, T. melanosporum and T. indicum colonization affected the micro-ecology of truffle symbionts during the early symbiotic stage. These results could give us a better understanding on the truffle-plant-soil-microbe interactions, which would be beneficial to the subsequent truffle cultivation.

松露外生菌根的合成和共生早期的松露定殖幼苗的生态学对于松露的成功栽培很重要。在这项研究中，选择了两个黑松露菌种，即块茎黑色菌和印度块茎，定居华山松幼苗。接种后2、4、6和8个月，检测宿主的生长性能和根际土壤性质。还监测了底物中两个交配型基因的动态变化，以评估松露的有性分布。此外，通过下一代测序研究了由phoD碱性磷酸酶基因编码的土壤细菌群落的变异。结果表明T. melanosporum和T.indicum的定植在一定程度上促进了华山P. armandii幼苗的生长，包括提高了它们的生物量，总根表面积，根超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性。两种松露的定殖也显着增强了根际土壤中的有机质和有效磷。该phoD -harboring细菌群落结构是由两个松露改变，和T. melanosporum降低他们的多样性或丰富性上接种后的第6和第8个月。假单胞菌，黄单胞菌和中华根瘤菌，一种具有phoD的N ₂固定剂在松露定殖的处理中发现基因更为丰富。两种松露的交配类型分布不均，其中MAT1-1-1基因占多数。总体而言，在共生早期，黑毛病菌和印度线虫的定殖影响了松露共生菌的微生态。这些结果可以使我们对松露-植物-土壤-微生物之间的相互作用有更好的了解，这将有利于随后的松露栽培。