Objective

Warm vertical compaction of gutta-percha is a technique that is used by most specialists for root canal obturation. The sealers currently available exhibit irriversible chemical changes when heated. New biologically active sealers that do not sustain irreversible changes when heated are an attractive alternative to be used with warm vertical compaction obturation technique. The aim of this study was to measure the heat generated by warm vertical compactors inside the root canal, characterize a newly developed root canal sealer at different temperatures and verify its suitability at the actual temperature window used clinically.

Methods

The typical temperatures generated by two heat carriers in a root canal were assessed by thermocouples. Two premixed root canal sealers TotalFill BC and HiFlow BC (FKG, Switzerland) were allowed to set and they were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) immediately after setting and by XRD after 28 days in physiological solution. The ion leaching in solution was assessed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The organic component was extracted in acetone and assessed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for both the unset sealer and sealer subjected to different temperatures. The heat profiles of both sealers were investigated by FT-IR and thermographic analysis.

Results

None of the devices tested achieved the temperatures set on the dial. The highest temperatures were coronal followed by apical for both devices. The sealers were identical except for the vehicle. The inorganic components included tricalcium silicate, dicalcium silicate and zirconium oxide. No calcium hydroxide was produced by any of the sealers after immersion in physiological solution but calcium was released in solution. The chemistry of both sealers was modified when heated but both recovered when cooled.

Significance

The heat carriers were unreliable and the heat generated inside the canal was not the same as the temperature set on the dial. Since both sealers had identical chemistry save for minimal modifications to the organic component and were both resistant to heat, TotalFill BC sealer is recommended for use with warm vertical compaction technique as it is cheaper and as effective as the HiFlow.

中文翻译：

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耐热液压密封机的特性，用于温暖的垂直封闭。

目的

牙胶的垂直垂直压实是大多数专家用于根管封闭的技术。当前可用的密封剂在加热时表现出不可改变的化学变化。新的具有生物活性的密封剂在加热时不会保持不可逆的变化，是与温暖的垂直压实封闭技术一起使用的有吸引力的替代方法。这项研究的目的是测量根管内部温暖的垂直压实机产生的热量，表征新开发的根管封闭剂在不同温度下的特性，并验证其在临床实际使用的温度范围内的适用性。

方法

通过热电偶评估由两个热载体在根管中产生的典型温度。设置两个预混合的根管封闭剂TotalFill BC和HiFlow BC（FKG，瑞士），并在放置和放置后立即通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM），能量色散光谱（EDS）和X射线衍射分析（XRD）对它们进行表征。在生理溶液中放置28天后用XRD检测。溶液中的离子浸出通过电感耦合等离子体（ICP）进行评估。有机组分在丙酮中提取，并通过傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）评估未固化密封剂和处于不同温度的密封剂。通过FT-IR和热成像分析研究了两种密封剂的热特性。

结果

被测设备均未达到表盘上设定的温度。两种装置的最高温度均为冠状，其次是顶端。除车辆外，其他封口机均相同。无机成分包括硅酸三钙，硅酸二钙和氧化锆。浸入生理溶液后，任何封闭剂均未产生氢氧化钙，但钙在溶液中释放。两种密封剂的化学性质在加热时都会改变，但在冷却时都会恢复。

意义

传热器不可靠，运河内部产生的热量与表盘上设定的温度不同。由于两种密封剂的化学性质相同，对有机成分的修饰最少，而且都耐热，因此，建议将TotalFill BC密封剂与温暖的垂直压实技术一起使用，因为它更便宜且与HiFlow一样有效。