In the plant, plasmodesmata (PDs) permit direct cytoplasmic connections and facilitate the local molecular exchange of neighboring cells. Cell-to-cell communications through PD play critical roles in the small RNAs mobile, transport of metabolites, cell fate specification and development. The trafficking of PD is under tight control and it is also constantly fine-tuned to fit in the requirements of cell-to-cell communication. However, how PD involved in the transition from the dormant to the germination of buds is not yet clearly known. Here, we provide experimental evidence that PD formation and permeability are correlated to the germination of buds in North-American holly. Moreover, the increased PD number and permeability in the germinating buds are associated with the down-regulated SA signaling, which also facilitates starch degradation. Altogether, our study stresses the fundamental role of PD in governing the transition from dormant to germination of floral buds, unveiling the regulation of PD during the flowering of North-American holly. Understanding the mechanism of SA-mediated PD regulation during the flowering will provide an effective way to enhance the improvement of agronomical tree traits by the application of PD engineering.

中文翻译：

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Plasmodesmata 在促进轮冬青花芽萌发中起关键作用

在植物中，胞间连丝 (PD) 允许直接细胞质连接并促进邻近细胞的局部分子交换。通过 PD 进行的细胞间通讯在小 RNA 的移动、代谢物的运输、细胞命运规范和发育中发挥着关键作用。PD 的贩运受到严格控制，并且不断地进行微调以适应细胞间通信的要求。然而，PD如何参与从休眠到芽萌发的过渡尚不清楚。在这里，我们提供了实验证据，表明 PD 的形成和渗透性与北美冬青的芽萌发有关。此外，发芽芽中 PD 数量和渗透性的增加与下调的 SA 信号相关，这也促进了淀粉降解。总之，我们的研究强调了 PD 在控制花芽从休眠到萌发的过渡中的基本作用，揭示了北美冬青开花期间 PD 的调控。了解花期SA介导的PD调控机制将为应用PD工程提高农艺树性状提供有效途径。