Tailings (flotation waste) that is formed during copper production may be considered in the class of valuable wastes due to the amount of copper it contains. Owing to the decreasing grade values in copper ores, utilization of wastes such as tailings that carry certain amounts of copper as secondary sources has become a necessity in both the economic and environmental sense. This study investigated the usage conditions of five different ammonia salts as leaching reactants for the purpose of selective extraction of copper from tailings. For this purpose, the effects of parameters such as leaching temperature and leaching time were examined at different concentrations of ammonium hydroxide, ammonium carbonate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium persulfate. The copper extraction efficiency in the case of using the aforementioned salts by themselves were listed as (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 (73%) > (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 (69%) > NH 4 OH (64%) > NH 4 Cl (42%) > NH 4 NO 3 (40%). The highest copper extraction efficiency was obtained in the leaching process that was conducted with the solutions obtained by mixing ammonia salts in the best conditions. Accordingly, as a result of 6 h of leaching at 30 °C in the presence of 22.5% NH 4 OH and 100 g/L (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 , 91.47% of the copper was transferred into the solution, while iron was not transferred. The obtained results showed that copper could be selectively recovered from tailings.

中文翻译：

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氨盐在尾矿中选择性提取铜中的应用

铜生产过程中形成的尾矿（浮选废料）因其含有的铜含量而被视为有价值的废料。由于铜矿石品位值的下降，将含有一定量铜的尾矿等废物作为二次来源利用已成为经济和环境意义上的必要条件。本研究调查了五种不同的氨盐作为浸出反应物的使用条件，以从尾矿中选择性提取铜。为此，在不同浓度的氢氧化铵、碳酸铵、硝酸铵、氯化铵和过硫酸铵下检查了浸出温度和浸出时间等参数的影响。在单独使用上述盐的情况下，铜提取效率列为(NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 (73%) > (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 (69%) > NH 4 OH (64%) > NH 4 Cl (42%) > NH 4 NO 3 (40%)。用在最佳条件下混合氨盐得到的溶液进行浸出过程中获得了最高的铜提取效率。因此，由于在 22.5% NH 4 OH 和 100 g/L (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 存在下，在 30 °C 下浸出 6 小时，91.47% 的铜转移到溶液中，而铁没有转移。结果表明，可以从尾矿中选择性地回收铜。用在最佳条件下混合氨盐得到的溶液进行浸出过程中获得了最高的铜提取效率。因此，由于在 22.5% NH 4 OH 和 100 g/L (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 存在下，在 30 °C 下浸出 6 小时，91.47% 的铜转移到溶液中，而铁没有转移。结果表明，可以从尾矿中选择性地回收铜。用在最佳条件下混合氨盐得到的溶液进行浸出过程中获得了最高的铜提取效率。因此，由于在 22.5% NH 4 OH 和 100 g/L (NH 4 ) 2 S 2 O 8 存在下，在 30 °C 下浸出 6 小时，91.47% 的铜转移到溶液中，而铁没有转移。结果表明，可以从尾矿中选择性地回收铜。