Basic values are the core element of culture, explaining many important differences in social, economic and political effects. Yet the nature and the composition of cultural value systems remains highly debatable. An emerging field of cultural neuroscience promises to shed light on how societies differ in their value systems and on the low-level mechanisms through which they operate. A systematic review of 47 experimental studies using different brain research methods is conducted to identify neural systems and processes, which can be associated with specific values, irrespective of interpretations given by the authors of original studies. Key findings were extracted and systematized according to Hofstede’s and some other (Trompenaars’ and Gelfand’s) models of national cultures. From the perspective of existing accounts of cultural value systems, existing literature provides only a very fragmented and biased view of the neural processing of values. Absolute majority of existing evidence (37 studies) of cultural differences in the brain functions can be associated with individualism-collectivism value dimension. Affectivity-Neutrality is identified in 11 studies, Tightness-Looseness – 6, Power Distance – 3; Indulgence, Long-Term Orientation and Universalism – 2, and Uncertainty Avoidance – 1. Other value dimensions from the applied models of culture are not represented at all. Key problems limiting the contribution of the contemporary culture neuroscience to the comparative studies of cultural values include: researchers’ theoretical framing within the independence-interdependence paradigm, resulting in the loss of a broader perspective and alternative interpretations of findings, the lack of focus on the direct comparison of values and value dimensions, insufficiently representative and biased samples.

基本价值观是文化的核心要素，解释了社会、经济和政治影响的许多重要差异。然而，文化价值体系的性质和构成仍然存在很大争议。文化神经科学的一个新兴领域有望揭示社会价值体系的差异及其运作的低层机制。对使用不同大脑研究方法的 47 项实验研究进行了系统回顾，以确定神经系统和过程，这些系统和过程可能与特定值相关，而不管原始研究作者给出的解释如何。根据霍夫斯泰德和其他一些（特罗姆彭纳斯和盖尔范德）的民族文化模型提取并系统化了主要发现。从现有文化价值系统的描述来看，现有文献仅提供了对价值神经处理的非常碎片化和有偏见的观点。绝大多数现有证据（37 项研究）表明大脑功能的文化差异可能与个人主义-集体主义价值维度相关。 11 项研究确定了情感-中性，紧密-松散 – 6 项，权力距离 – 3 项；放纵、长期导向和普遍主义——2，以及避免不确定性——1。来自应用文化模型的其他价值维度根本没有得到体现。 限制当代文化神经科学对文化价值比较研究贡献的关键问题包括：研究者在独立-相互依存范式中的理论框架，导致失去更广阔的视角和对研究结果的替代解释，缺乏对文化价值的关注。价值和价值维度的直接比较，样本代表性不足且有偏差。