Obtained directly from beekeepers in Portugal and Greece, some rare honey samples were subjected to melissopalynological, physicochemical (°Brix, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, free acidity, total dissolved solids, salinity, liquid resistivity, specific weight, CIELAB colour parameters, Pfund, and colour intensity), biochemical (diastase activity, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content), and volatile compounds analyses. Results showed that honey samples from Portugal were dominated by pollen grains of Anarrhinum bellidifolium (L.), whereas those from Greece were honeydew of not specific type, possessing a diverse pollen spectrum and few honeydew elements. The implementation of one-way analysis of variance showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the two honey types in the majority of physicochemical, biochemical, and to a lesser extent in the volatile compounds. These were 34 in total, belonging to alcohols, aldehydes, benzene derivatives, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones, sulfur compounds, and terpenoids. Application of correlation, regression, and stepwise linear discriminant analyses indicated some potential fitting among the investigated parameters, and classified perfectly honey samples according to botanical origin based on electrical conductivity, salinity, 2-methylbutanal, and alpha-pinene, providing a rapid tool for the classification of less common honey types.

中文翻译：

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两种稀有蜂蜜的孢粉，理化，生化和香气指纹

直接从葡萄牙和希腊的养蜂人那里获得了一些稀有蜂蜜样品，进行了半乳化，理化处理（白利糖度，水分，pH，电导率，游离酸度，总溶解固体，盐度，液体电阻率，比重，CIELAB颜色参数，Pfund ，颜色强度），生化（酶活性，维生素C，抗氧化剂活性和总酚含量）和挥发性化合物分析。结果表明，来自葡萄牙的蜂蜜样品主要以花粉（Anarrhinum bellidifolium，L。）的花粉颗粒为主，而来自希腊的蜂蜜样品则不是特定类型的花露，具有多种花粉谱，并且几乎没有花露元素。单向方差分析的实施显示出显着差异（p <0.05）在两种类型的蜂蜜中，大多数是物理化学的，生化的，而挥发性化合物的含量较小。它们总共为34，属于醇，醛，苯衍生物，酯，烃，酮，硫化合物和萜类化合物。相关，回归和逐步线性判别分析的应用表明所研究的参数之间存在一定的潜在契合性，并基于电导率，盐度，2-甲基丁醛和α-pine烯根据植物来源对蜂蜜样品进行了完美分类。不常见的蜂蜜类型的分类。