Objective: The objective of this work was to study the electroencephalographic (EEG) grading of neuronal dysfunction in encephalopathy of various etiologies and assess their association with clinical outcomes. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed between June and November 2018 at the Neurology Department of King Fahd Hospital of University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and involved a review and analysis of EEG and medical records pertaining to 222 patients in whom encephalopathy was diagnosed. Results: In patients suffering from encephalopathy, advanced age (P = .01), low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores (P = .00), and certain etiologies, namely hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (P = .00), septic encephalopathy (P = .01), and other illnesses (P = .00), were significantly associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes, whereas traumatic brain injury (TBI) (P = .01) and GCS >7 (P = .00) were associated with favorable outcomes. Among different etiologies, EEG grade I (P = .02) and grade IV (P = .04) neuronal dysfunction was significantly associated with TBI while grade III (P = .05) and grade V (P = .02) neuronal dysfunction was significantly associated with HIE. Grade I (P = .03) neuronal dysfunction was mostly observed in septic encephalopathy cases, while patients suffering from other illnesses were also found to have grade I (P = .04) and grade IV (P = .05) neuronal dysfunction based on their EEG. Conclusion: EEG is being conducted routinely to determine the course and severity of various forms of encephalopathy. However, the clinical implications of EEG grading for neuronal dysfunction are largely dependent on underlying etiology and other clinical parameters, such as age and GCS score. Further larger prospective cohort studies involving other important prognostic parameters and continuous EEG monitoring are thus needed.

中文翻译：

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脑病各种病因中神经元功能障碍的脑电图分级

目的：这项工作的目的是研究各种病因脑病中神经元功能障碍的脑电图 (EEG) 分级，并评估其与临床结果的关联。受试者和方法：这项回顾性横断面研究于 2018 年 6 月至 2018 年 11 月在沙特阿拉伯王国法赫德国王大学医院 (KSA) 的神经内科进行，涉及对 222 名患者的脑电图和医疗记录进行审查和分析在谁被诊断出脑病。结果：在患有脑病的患者中，高龄 (P = .01)、低格拉斯哥昏迷评分 (GCS) 评分 (P = .00) 和某些病因，即缺氧缺血性脑病 (HIE) (P = .00) , 脓毒性脑病 (P = .01), 和其他疾病 (P = .00), 与不利的临床结果显着相关，而创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) (P = .01) 和 GCS >7 (P = .00) 与有利的结果相关。在不同病因中，脑电图 I 级 (P = .02) 和 IV 级 (P = .04) 神经元功能障碍与 TBI 显着相关，而 III 级 (P = .05) 和 V 级 (P = .02) 神经元功能障碍与 TBI 显着相关。与 HIE 显着相关。I 级 (P = .03) 神经元功能障碍主要见于脓毒性脑病病例，而患有其他疾病的患者也发现有 I 级 (P = .04) 和 IV 级 (P = .05) 神经元功能障碍，基于他们的脑电图。结论：脑电图常规用于确定各种形式脑病的病程和严重程度。然而，脑电图分级对神经元功能障碍的临床意义在很大程度上取决于潜在的病因和其他临床参数，如年龄和 GCS 评分。因此需要更多涉及其他重要预后参数和连续脑电图监测的前瞻性队列研究。