Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that retain various substances such as proteins, nucleic acids, and small RNAs. Exosomes play crucial roles in many physiological and pathological processes, including innate immunity. Innate immunity is an important process that protects the organism through activating pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which then can induce inflammatory factors to resist pathogen invasion. Toll-like receptor (TLR) is one member of PRRs and is important in pathogen clearance and nervous disease development. Although exosomes and TLRs are two independent materials, abundant evidences imply exosomes can regulate innate immunity through integrating with TLRs. Herein, we review the most recent data regarding exosome regulation of TLR pathways. Specifically, exosome-containing materials can regulate TLR pathways through the interaction with TLRs. This is a new strategy regulating immunity to resist pathogens and therapy diseases, which provide a potential method to cure diseases.

中文翻译：

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外泌体：通过调节TLR的潜在疗法。

外泌体是保留各种物质（例如蛋白质，核酸和小RNA）的小膜囊泡。外泌体在许多生理和病理过程中都起着至关重要的作用，包括先天免疫。先天免疫是通过激活模式识别受体（PRR）保护有机体的重要过程，然后可以诱导炎症因子抵抗病原体入侵。Toll样受体（TLR）是PRR的成员之一，在病原体清除和神经疾病发展中很重要。尽管外泌体和TLR是两种独立的物质，但大量证据表明外泌体可以通过与TLR整合来调节先天免疫。在这里，我们审查有关TLR途径的外来体调节的最新数据。特别，含外泌体的物质可通过与TLR相互作用来调节TLR途径。这是调节抵抗病原体和治疗疾病的免疫力的新策略，提供了治疗疾病的潜在方法。