Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae) is an evergreen shrub growing in the Middle East, Africa, and Southern Asia. It is traditionally known as “miswak” and used as toothbrushes and for the treatment of toothache, gum diseases, boils, chest infection, gonorrhea, headache, spleen troubles, stomachache, and ulcers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study aimed at conducting phytochemical, cytotoxic, and antimicrobial investigations of the fruits (berries) of S. persica collected from the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia. Analysis of the ethanol extract of S. persica fruits using GC-MS showed the presence of six esters (20.71%), seven alkanes (15.47%), tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%), eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (7.27%), and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (5.17%). The predominant constituents were acetyl dasycarpidan-1-methanol (10.47%), tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%), eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (7.27%), and 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (5.17%). The petroleum ether extract of the fruits contained mainly eicosamethyl-cyclodecasiloxane (23.81%), 1-monolinoleoylglycerol (11.78%), (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid ethyl ester derivative (10.56%), and tetracosamethyl-cyclododecasiloxane (9.91%). The cytotoxic properties of the ethanol extract were investigated by MTT assay against the breast MCF7, ovary A2780, and colon HT29 cells. The fruit extract of S. persica was selective against the ovarian and colon cancer cells compared to normal fibroblast cells (MRC5) as it showed IC50 values 17.50, 8.35, and 5.12, against MCF7, A2780, and HT29 cells, respectively. Interestingly, the fruit extract was also found to possess selective antimicrobial activity for Streptococcus mutans isolates with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 3.12 and 6.25 mg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, it was found to be ineffective against other Gram-positive as well as Gram-negative microorganisms. This study provides insight into the bioactive components present in the fruits of the plant that can be utilized for its cytotoxic and antimicrobial properties.

中文翻译：

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Miswak 植物 Salvadora persica L 果实的植物化学、细胞毒性和抗菌评价。

Salvadora persica L. (Salvadoraceae) 是一种常绿灌木，生长在中东、非洲和南亚。它传统上被称为“miswak”，用作牙刷，用于治疗牙痛、牙龈疾病、疖子、胸部感染、淋病、头痛、脾脏问题、胃痛和溃疡。据我们所知，这是第一项旨在对从沙特阿拉伯 Jazan 地区收集的 S. persica 果实（浆果）进行植物化学、细胞毒性和抗菌研究的研究。使用 GC-MS 分析桃果实的乙醇提取物表明存在六种酯 (20.71%)、七种烷烃 (15.47%)、二十碳甲基-环十二硅氧烷 (9.91%)、二十碳甲基-环十二硅氧烷 (7.27%) 和 1 -单油酰基甘油（5.17%）。主要成分是乙酰 dasycarpidan-1-甲醇 (10. 47%)、二十碳甲基-环十二硅氧烷 (9.91%)、二十碳甲基-环十二硅氧烷 (7.27%) 和 1-单油酰基甘油 (5.17%)。果实的石油醚提取物主要含有二十碳甲基环十硅氧烷（23.81%）、1-单油酰基甘油（11.78%）、（Z,Z,Z）-9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸乙酯衍生物（10.56%）和四十二甲基环十二硅氧烷 (9.91%)。乙醇提取物的细胞毒性特性通过 MTT 测定对乳腺 MCF7、卵巢 A2780 和结肠 HT29 细胞进行了研究。与正常成纤维细胞 (MRC5) 相比，桃子的果实提取物对卵巢和结肠癌细胞具有选择性，因为它对 MCF7、A2780 和 HT29 细胞的 IC50 值分别为 17.50、8.35 和 5.12。有趣的是，还发现水果提取物对变形链球菌分离株具有选择性抗菌活性，最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 和最低杀菌浓度 (MBC) 值分别为 3.12 和 6.25 mg/mL。有趣的是，发现它对其他革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性微生物无效。这项研究提供了对植物果实中存在的生物活性成分的深入了解，这些成分可用于其细胞毒性和抗菌特性。