Volatile components of Haplophyllum canaliculatum Boiss. grown in Iran were extracted by hydrodistillation (HD), solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME), and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The components were analyzed by means of GC and GC-MS. The extraction time and temperature for HS-SPME, microwave, power, and exposure time of extraction for SFME were optimized. Twenty-five compounds that represent 99.88% of total compounds in the oil were obtained by the HD method, and the major components for this method were identified as β-pinene (18.90%), 1,8-cineole (13.94%), and piperitone (12.22%). However, piperitone (34.50%), caryophyllene oxide (9.94%), and a-eudesmol were the main compounds among twenty-one constituents, representing 99.89% of the total composition that were characterized in volatiles extracted by the SFME method. Moreover, thirteen compounds, representing 99.95% of the total constituents, were characterized in volatile fraction extracted by the HS-SPME method, which were dominated by β-pinene (21.13%), a-pinene (13.07%), limonene (11.65%), and δ-2-carene (10.23%) as major constituents.

中文翻译：

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菜青菜的挥发性成分。通过不同的提取程序。

菜青菜的挥发性成分。通过加氢蒸馏（HD），无溶剂微波萃取（SFME）和顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）萃取在伊朗生长的植物。通过GC和GC-MS分析组分。优化了HS-SPME的提取时间和温度，微波，功率以及SFME的提取时间。通过HD方法获得了25种化合物，占油中总化合物的99.88％，该方法的主要成分为β -pine烯（18.90％），1,8-桉树脑（13.94％）和哌啶酮（12.22％）。然而，胡椒酮（34.50％），石竹烯氧化物（9.94％），和一个-eudesmol是二十一种成分中的主要化合物，占总成分的99.89％，其特征是通过SFME方法提取的挥发物。此外，通过HS-SPME方法提取的挥发性组分表征了13种化合物，占总成分的99.95％，其主要成分为β- pine烯（21.13％），α- pine烯（13.07％），li烯（11.65％） ）和δ -2-烯（10.23％）作为主要成分。