Introduction Bacterial meningitis is medical emergency that requires immediate medical attention. It is a cause of an estimated 288, 649 deaths worldwide per year, of which 94 883 death occur among Under-five children. Up to 24% of the survivors suffer from long-term sequelae such as epilepsy, mental retardation, or sensorineural deafness especially when the disease is contracted during early childhood. Objective the aim of this study was to assess bacterial isolates of CSF sample and their anti-microbial resistance patterns among under-five children in Dilla University Referral Hospital. Material and Methods Hospital based cross-sectional study design was used to collect clinical data and CSF sample from under-five children who was suspected for meningitis. Sediment of CSF sample was inoculated to Blood Agar plate, Chocolate Agar plate and Mackonkey Agar for bacterial isolation and identification. Chemical analysis and cytological analysis was also conducted based on standard operating procedures. Results From a total of 287 CSF sample cultured, causative bacteria were detected in 38 (13.2%). From culture positive cases the most frequent isolate was Streptococcus pneumoniae 13 (34.2%) followed by Staphylococcus aureas 7 (18.4%), Neisseria meningitidis 6 (16%) and Escherichia coli 6 (16%). Haemophilus influenzae b was isolated in 4 (10.5%) of children with meningitis. The other cause of meningitis was Streptococcus agalactiae which accounted (10.5%). Cryptococcus neoformans have been detected in 4 (1.9%) cases of meningitis. Of all bacterial isolates about 42.1% (16/38) bacterial isolates were multidrug resistant. About 38.5% of S. pneumoniae was multidrug resistance while about 33.3% N. meningitis, 50% of H. influenzae, 57.1% of S. aureas and 40% of E. coli showed multidrug resistance Conclusions High prevalence of bacterial meningitis and high rate of drug resistance were observed. S. pneumoniae was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis among under-five children.

中文翻译：

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迪拉大学转诊医院5岁以下疑似脑膜炎儿童的脑脊液样本细菌分离物及其抗菌素耐药性

简介细菌性脑膜炎是医疗急症，需要立即就医。据估计，全世界每年有288,649例死亡，其中五岁以下儿童中有94,883例死亡。多达24％的幸存者患有长期后遗症，例如癫痫，智力低下或感音神经性耳聋，尤其是当疾病在儿童早期感染时。目的本研究的目的是评估迪拉大学转诊医院5岁以下儿童的CSF细菌分离株及其抗药性模式。材料和方法基于医院的横断面研究设计用于从怀疑为脑膜炎的5岁以下儿童中收集临床数据和CSF样本。将CSF样品的沉淀物接种到血琼脂平板上，Chocolate Agar平板和Mackonkey Agar用于细菌分离和鉴定。还基于标准操作程序进行化学分析和细胞学分析。结果共培养了287个CSF样本，其中38个（13.2％）检出了致病菌。在培养阳性病例中，最常见的分离株是肺炎链球菌13（34.2％），其次是金黄色葡萄球菌7（18.4％），脑膜炎奈瑟氏球菌6（16％）和大肠杆菌6（16％）。在4名（10.5％）脑膜炎患儿中分离到了流感嗜血杆菌b。脑膜炎的另一原因是无乳链球菌，占比例为10.5％。在4例（1.9％）脑膜炎病例中发现了新隐球菌。在所有细菌分离株中，约42.1％（16/38）细菌分离株具有多重耐药性。大约S的38.5％肺炎是多药耐药性，而约33.3％的脑膜炎奈瑟菌，50％的流感嗜血杆菌，57.1％的金黄色葡萄球菌和40％的大肠杆菌表现出多药耐药性结论结论细菌性脑膜炎的患病率很高，耐药率很高。肺炎链球菌是五岁以下儿童细菌性脑膜炎的主要原因。