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Panmixia in a sea ice-associated marine mammal: evaluating genetic structure of the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) at multiple spatial scales
Journal of Mammalogy ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-05-22 , DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyaa050
William S Beatty 1 , Patrick R Lemons 1 , Suresh A Sethi 2 , Jason P Everett 3 , Cara J Lewis 3 , Robert J Lynn 1 , Geoffrey M Cook 3 , Joel L Garlich-Miller 1 , John K Wenburg 3
Affiliation  

The kin structure of a species at relatively fine spatial scales impacts broad-scale patterns in genetic structure at the population level. However, kin structure rarely has been elucidated for migratory marine mammals. The Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) exhibits migratory behavior linked to seasonal patterns in sea ice dynamics. Consequently, information on the spatial genetic structure of the subspecies, including kin structure, could aid wildlife managers in designing future studies to evaluate the impacts of sea ice loss on the subspecies. We sampled 8,303 individual walruses over a 5-year period and used 114 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to examine both broad-scale patterns in genetic structure and fine-scale patterns in relatedness. We did not detect any evidence of genetic structure at broad spatial scales, with low FST values (≤ 0.001) across all pairs of putative aggregations. To evaluate kin structure at fine spatial scales, we defined a walrus group as a cluster of resting individuals that were less than one walrus body length apart. We found weak evidence of kin structure at fine spatial scales, with 3.72% of groups exhibiting mean relatedness values greater than expected by chance, and a significantly higher overall observed mean value of relatedness within groups than expected by chance. Thus, the high spatiotemporal variation in the distribution of resources in the Pacific Arctic environment likely has favored a gregarious social system in Pacific walruses, with unrelated animals forming temporary associations.

中文翻译:

海冰相关海洋哺乳动物中的 Panmixia:在多个空间尺度上评估太平洋海象(Odobenus rosmarus divergens)的遗传结构

一个物种在相对精细的空间尺度上的亲属结构会影响种群水平上遗传结构的大尺度模式。然而,迁徙性海洋哺乳动物的亲属结构很少被阐明。太平洋海象(Odobenus rosmarus divergens)表现出与海冰动力学季节性模式相关的迁徙行为。因此,关于亚种空间遗传结构的信息,包括亲属结构,可以帮助野生动物管理者设计未来的研究,以评估海冰损失对亚种的影响。我们在 5 年的时间里对 8,303 只海象个体进行了采样,并使用 114 个单核苷酸多态性来检查遗传结构的广泛模式和相关性的精细模式。我们没有在广泛的空间尺度上检测到任何遗传结构的证据,在所有假定聚合对中具有低 FST 值(≤ 0.001)。为了在精细的空间尺度上评估亲属结构,我们将海象群定义为一组相距小于一个海象体长的静止个体。我们在精细空间尺度上发现了亲属结构的弱证据,3.72% 的组表现出平均相关性值大于偶然预期,并且组内相关性的总体观察平均值显着高于偶然预期。因此,太平洋北极环境中资源分布的高时空变化可能有利于太平洋海象的群居社会系统,不相关的动物形成临时协会。我们将海象群定义为一群静止的个体,它们之间的距离小于一个海象的身体长度。我们在精细空间尺度上发现了亲属结构的弱证据,3.72% 的组表现出平均相关性值大于偶然预期,并且组内相关性的总体观察平均值显着高于偶然预期。因此,太平洋北极环境中资源分布的高时空变化可能有利于太平洋海象的群居社会系统,不相关的动物形成临时协会。我们将海象群定义为一群静止的个体,它们之间的距离小于一个海象的身体长度。我们在精细空间尺度上发现了亲属结构的弱证据,3.72% 的组表现出平均相关性值大于偶然预期,并且组内相关性的总体观察平均值显着高于偶然预期。因此,太平洋北极环境中资源分布的高时空变化可能有利于太平洋海象的群居社会系统,不相关的动物形成临时协会。组内相关性的总体观察平均值明显高于偶然预期。因此,太平洋北极环境中资源分布的高时空变化可能有利于太平洋海象的群居社会系统,不相关的动物形成临时协会。组内相关性的总体观察平均值明显高于偶然预期。因此,太平洋北极环境中资源分布的高时空变化可能有利于太平洋海象的群居社会系统,不相关的动物形成临时协会。
更新日期:2020-05-22
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