Here we present direct dates of food grains and insights into agricultural strategies adopted by Harappans from a newly excavated Indus site 4MSR (Binjor) in northwestern India. The site revealed Early and Mature Harappan phases delimited by a Transitional phase based on ceramics and archaeological artifacts. The macro-botanical remains revealed that the site was occupied by an agricultural society during the Early phase (~2900−2600 BCE), whereas diversification of the economy including more craft specialization, along with an agricultural advancement was witnessed during the Mature phase (~2500−1800 BCE). The advent of summer crops during the Transitional phase (~2600−2500 BCE) indicates climate amelioration attributed to inception of strong Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM). By the end of Mature phase, millet was recorded due to a change in climatic (relatively lower moisture) conditions or drying of the river channel, which forced the settlers to shift the cropping (agricultural) strategy in the region. Plausibly, this unavailability of water during the end of Mature phase led the settlers to abandon the site in order to migrate somewhere else. The subsistence pattern indicates continuity and change in temporal domain likely owing to changing climatic/environmental conditions, resources and knowledge gained by exchange/trade of cultures over a time period between ~2900 BCE to 1800 BCE.

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约会采用和强化粮食作物：来自 4MSR (BINJOR) 的见解，印度西北部的一个印度 (HARAPPAN) 网站

在这里，我们展示了食品谷物的直接日期以及哈拉帕人从印度西北部新挖掘的印度河遗址 4MSR (Binjor) 采用的农业战略的见解。该遗址揭示了早期和成熟的 Harappan 阶段，由基于陶瓷和考古文物的过渡阶段界定。宏观植物遗骸显示，该遗址在早期阶段（约公元前 2900-2600 年）被农业社会占据，而在成熟阶段（~公元前 2500-1800 年）。夏季作物在过渡阶段（约公元前 2600-2500 年）的出现表明气候改善归因于印度夏季强风（ISM）的开始。在成熟期结束时，由于气候（相对较低的湿度）条件的变化或河道的干燥，小米被记录下来，这迫使定居者改变了该地区的种植（农业）策略。有可能的是，在成熟阶段结束时这种水的不可用导致定居者放弃该地点以便迁移到其他地方。生存模式表明时间域的连续性和变化可能是由于在公元前 2900 年至公元前 1800 年期间通过文化交流/贸易获得的气候/环境条件、资源和知识的变化。在成熟期结束时，这种缺水导致定居者放弃了该地点，以便迁移到其他地方。生存模式表明时间域的连续性和变化可能是由于在公元前 2900 年至公元前 1800 年期间通过文化交流/贸易获得的气候/环境条件、资源和知识的变化。在成熟期结束时，这种缺水导致定居者放弃了该地点，以便迁移到其他地方。生存模式表明时间域的连续性和变化可能是由于在公元前 2900 年至公元前 1800 年期间通过文化交流/贸易获得的气候/环境条件、资源和知识的变化。