ABSTRACT Kettle Falls, located 1125 km from the mouth of the Columbia River in present-day Washington State (USA), was the second-most important salmon fishing and trading locus on that river in the early historic era. We encapsulate the late Holocene history of the fishery by deriving a summed probability distribution function (SPDF) from 50 radiocarbon ages from 13 archaeological sites within 2 km of the falls. When compared to an SPDF from 307 sites from elsewhere on the Columbia Plateau, and a null model, the Kettle Falls SPDF exhibits two phases of elevated activity at 1700–1300 cal BP and 800–500 cal BP, and an intervening lull. These phases are not related to the excavation history or differential exposure of sites to taphonomic processes, but they are concordant with episodes of glacial advance in the local mountains, which reflect hemispheric-scale changes in climate. Modern returns of summer-run Chinook salmon to the Columbia River are inversely correlated with sea-surface temperature regimes in the northeast Pacific Ocean, and we propose that the occupational history of the Kettle Falls fishery echoes long-term variations in the returns of salmon to the upper Columbia River linked to climate change.

中文翻译：

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奇努克鲑鱼、全新世晚期气候变化和哥伦比亚河渔站水壶瀑布的职业历史

摘要 Kettle Falls 距今华盛顿州（美国）哥伦比亚河河口 1125 公里，是早期历史时期该河上第二重要的鲑鱼捕捞和贸易地点。我们通过从距瀑布 2 公里范围内的 13 个考古遗址的 50 个放射性碳年龄中推导出一个总和概率分布函数 (SPDF) 来概括渔业的全新世晚期历史。与来自哥伦比亚高原其他地方的 307 个站点的 SPDF 和空模型相比，Kettle Falls SPDF 在 1700-1300 cal BP 和 800-500 cal BP 时表现出两个升高的活动阶段，以及中间的平静。这些阶段与挖掘历史或遗址对埋藏过程的不同暴露无关，但它们与当地山区的冰川推进事件一致，反映了半球尺度的气候变化。夏季运行的奇努克鲑鱼现代回归哥伦比亚河与东北太平洋的海面温度状况呈负相关，我们认为凯特尔瀑布渔业的职业历史与鲑鱼回归的长期变化相呼应。哥伦比亚河上游与气候变化有关。