ABSTRACT

This study investigates fireplaces in the Neolithic settlement of Çatalhöyük in Anatolia, Turkey (levels South L–S and 4040 G–H, 6700–6100 BC). Taking a holistic view with a contextual, multi-scalar approach, I consider spatial and temporal dimensions: Large-scale landscape resources and small-scale material assemblages associated with food processing provide the context for the fireplaces, and I observe the changes over the long-term, the 600 years of my study, and the short-term impact of daily practice. Firstly, I determine the criteria for identifying different types of fireplaces, their practical function and uses. I then look at the construction of ovens and hearths in Çatalhöyük and their internal and external locations. I find individual variations between households and alterations over time and challenge interpretations that emphasise uniformity and seek trends and a grand narrative of symbolic meaning in the fireplaces. I find the abandonment of fireplaces is mainly guided by practical considerations, while the few symbolic deposits suggest the importance given to food preparation. I argue that not only natural resources and culture, but also daily practice impacts on landscape, architectural features and artefacts. I conclude that fire installations enabled households to be self-sufficient and therefore ovens and hearths had special significance.

摘要

本研究调查了土耳其安纳托利亚 Çatalhöyük 新石器时代定居点的壁炉（南 L–S 和 4040 G–H 水平，公元前 6700–6100 年）。以上下文、多尺度方法的整体观点，我考虑空间和时间维度：与食品加工相关的大规模景观资源和小规模材料组合为壁炉提供了背景，我观察了长期的变化-term，我学习的 600 年，以及日常实践的短期影响。首先，我确定了识别不同类型壁炉的标准，它们的实际功能和用途。然后，我研究了 Çatalhöyük 的烤箱和炉膛的构造及其内部和外部位置。我发现家庭之间的个体差异和随时间的变化，并挑战强调统一性和寻求趋势以及壁炉中象征意义的宏大叙事的解释。我发现放弃壁炉主要是出于实际考虑，而少数象征性的沉积物表明了对食物准备的重要性。我认为，不仅自然资源和文化，而且日常实践也会对景观、建筑特色和文物产生影响。我的结论是，消防设施使家庭能够自给自足，因此烤箱和壁炉具有特殊的意义。而少数象征性的沉积物则表明了食物准备的重要性。我认为，不仅自然资源和文化，而且日常实践也会对景观、建筑特色和文物产生影响。我的结论是，消防设施使家庭能够自给自足，因此烤箱和壁炉具有特殊的意义。而少数象征性的沉积物则表明了食物准备的重要性。我认为，不仅自然资源和文化，而且日常实践也会对景观、建筑特色和文物产生影响。我的结论是，消防设施使家庭能够自给自足，因此烤箱和壁炉具有特殊的意义。