Abstract The development of commercial fusion power production using deuterium and tritium has been ongoing worldwide for decades and the European version of DEMO will undergo conceptual design between 2021 and 2027. Among the different ways to provide electrical power, nuclear fusion will be publicly accepted if the environmental impact is at tolerable levels. The auxiliary power requirements of fusion power reactors will need to be optimized, and heat will need to be efficiently converted to electrical power through the usage of high-temperature steam. On the other hand, heat might need to be intermittently stored to account for pulsed plasma operation, on the expense of the temperature level available for steam generation. Tritium is highly mobile and its management as far as containment and confinement are concerned becomes more difficult with the increasing temperatures of the structural materials; any effluents and releases should be kept to an absolute minimum. Therefore, tritium containment and confinement equipment and procedures need to be well integrated into the design and into the operation of fusion power reactors. This paper focuses on the topics of the main tritium technologies under development in the EU DEMO Breeding Blanket Program, covering especially tritium breeding and extraction technologies. In addition, the identification of the main tritium sources as far as permeation and escape into the environment are concerned and the main barriers for the mitigation of tritium release into the environment are introduced.

中文翻译：

---

欧盟 DEMO 育种毯氚技术概述

摘要 使用氘和氚的商业聚变发电的发展已经在世界范围内持续了几十年，欧洲版的 DEMO 将在 2021 年至 2027 年之间进行概念设计。在不同的供电方式中，核聚变将被公众接受，如果环境影响在可接受的水平。聚变动力反应堆的辅助电源需求需要优化，并且需要通过使用高温蒸汽将热量有效地转换为电能。另一方面，可能需要间歇性地储存热量以应对脉冲等离子体操作，代价是可用于产生蒸汽的温度水平。氚具有高度的流动性，随着结构材料温度的升高，就遏制和限制而言，氚的管理变得更加困难；任何流出物和释放都应保持在绝对最低限度。因此，氚安全壳和约束设备和程序需要很好地融入聚变动力反应堆的设计和运行中。本文重点讨论欧盟 DEMO 育种毯计划中正在开发的主要氚技术的主题，特别是氚育种和提取技术。此外，就渗透和逃逸到环境中的氚源的识别而言，并介绍了减缓氚释放到环境中的主要障碍。