Abstract

Trophic factors are naturally produced by different tissues that participate in several functions such as the intercellular communication, in the development, stability, differentiation and regeneration at the cellular level. Specifically, in the case of spinal injuries, these factors can stimulate neuronal recovery. They are applied both in experimental models and in clinical trials in patients. The trophic factors analysed in this review include gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), growth hormone (GH), melatonin, oestrogens, the family of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), the family of neurotrophins and the glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). There are some trophic (neurotrophic) factors that already been tested in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), but only shown partial recovery effect. It is possible that, the administration of these trophic factors together with physical rehabilitation, act synergistically and, therefore, significantly improve the quality of life of patients with SCI.

摘要

营养因子是由不同组织自然产生的，这些组织参与多种功能，例如细胞间通讯、细胞水平的发育、稳定性、分化和再生。具体来说，在脊髓损伤的情况下，这些因素可以刺激神经元恢复。它们既适用于实验模型，也适用于患者的临床试验。本综述分析的营养因子包括促性腺激素释放激素 (GnRH)、促甲状腺激素释放激素 (TRH)、生长激素 (GH)、褪黑激素、雌激素、成纤维细胞生长因子 (FGF) 家族、神经营养因子家族和胶质细胞源性神经营养因子 (GDNF)。有一些营养（神经营养）因子已经在脊髓损伤 (SCI) 患者中进行了测试，但仅显示出部分恢复效果。