ABSTRACT As cities will concentrate most of the world’s population and economic activities, so urban water demand will account for a large proportion of global water demand in the future. In contrast, recent empirical evidence indicates that water consumption in many cities of the developed world is declining. In this article, this decline in consumption is studied for the major Spanish cities, and some of the drivers of this decline (economic, technological and behavioural) are explored. Contingent events such as droughts and economic crises may intensify the decline in consumption, as shown for the case of Barcelona.

中文翻译：

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西班牙城市用水量下降：结构性和偶然性因素

摘要 由于城市将集中世界大部分人口和经济活动，因此未来城市用水需求将占全球用水需求的很大比例。相比之下，最近的经验证据表明，发达国家许多城市的用水量正在下降。在本文中，针对西班牙主要城市的消费下降进行了研究，并探讨了这种下降的一些驱动因素（经济、技术和行为）。如巴塞罗那的案例所示，干旱和经济危机等突发事件可能会加剧消费下降。