Perovskite solar cells have garnered and held international research interest, due to ever‐climbing power conversion efficiency values, now >25 %. Some high efficiency configurations utilize a compact TiO₂ layer underneath a mesoporous TiO₂ layer, both of which require high temperature annealing steps that could hinder perovskite commercialization. To address the high thermal budget, we chose to use inkjet‐printing to combine the two layers into a single TiO₂ film, which incorporates both nanoparticle and molecular precursor as well as organic fullerene additives. We printed the ink on fluorine‐doped tin oxide, and after annealing at various temperatures, we found that 400 °C was the optimum annealing temperature for the inkjet‐printed electron transport layers, which is significantly lower than the 500 °C required to anneal typical mesoporous TiO₂ films.

中文翻译：

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用于平面钙钛矿太阳能电池的喷墨印刷TiO2 /富勒烯复合膜

由于功率转换效率值不断攀升，现在已超过25％，钙钛矿太阳能电池引起了国际关注并引起了国际关注。一些高效率配置利用一个紧凑的TiO ₂层的中孔二氧化钛下方₂层，两者都需要可能妨碍钙钛矿商品化高温退火步骤。为了解决高热预算问题，我们选择使用喷墨打印将两层结合成一个TiO ₂薄膜，其中包含了纳米颗粒和分子前体以及有机富勒烯添加剂。我们在掺氟的氧化锡上印刷了油墨，在各种温度下退火之后，我们发现喷墨印刷的电子传输层的最佳退火温度为400°C，该温度明显低于退火所需的500°C典型的介孔TiO ₂膜。