The simultaneous effects of habitat traits and interspecific interactions determine the occurrence and habitat use of wildlife populations. However, little research has been devoted to examining spatial co‐occurrence among closely related species while considering the effect of habitat variation and imperfect detectability of species in the field. In this study, we focused on migratory and resident 'wood‐warblers' that coexist during the winter in a Neotropical working landscape in southern Mexico to understand if habitat occupancy of resident wood‐warblers is influenced by habitat characteristics and by the presence of other species of resident and migratory wood‐warblers. For this purpose, we implemented two‐species occupancy models, which account for the imperfect detectability of these birds in the field. Our results revealed that habitat occupancy of resident wood‐warblers was positively influenced by the presence of other closely related species (both migratory and resident). These positive relationships may be explained by the fact that different species of wood‐warblers frequently participate in mixed‐species flocks. However, these patterns of species co‐occurrence were more evident among resident species than between migratory and resident species, which may be explained by micro‐habitat segregation and differences in behaviours between resident and migratory wood‐warblers. We also found that some habitat characteristics may mediate the observed patterns of species co‐occurrence. Specifically, sites with larger trees were associated with the co‐occurrence of some species of resident wood‐warblers. In addition, we discuss the possibility that species co‐occurrence might be the result of shared preferences for environmental factors that we did not consider. Our study highlights the importance of the interplay between species co‐occurrence and habitat traits in determining the presence and habitat use of resident birds in Neotropical working landscapes.

中文翻译：

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评估生境特征和与之密切相关的物种共存对新热带工作环境中居民“鸣鸟”的居住状况的影响

生境特征和种间相互作用的同时影响决定了野生动植物种群的发生和生境利用。但是，在考虑到栖息地变化的影响和田间物种的可检测性不完善的同时，很少有研究致力于研究紧密相关物种之间的空间共现。在这项研究中，我们重点研究了冬季迁徙和常住的“木材莺”在墨西哥南部新热带地区的工作环境中共存的情况，以了解常驻木材莺的栖息地是否受到栖息地特征和其他物种的存在的影响居住和迁徙的木材莺。为此，我们实施了两种种群的占用模型，这说明了这些鸟类在野外的可检测性不理想。我们的结果表明，常驻木莺的栖息地占用受到其他密切相关物种（迁徙和常驻物种）的存在的积极影响。这些积极的关系可以通过以下事实来解释，即不同种类的鸣鸟经常参与混合物种群。但是，这些物种共生的模式在居民物种中比在迁徙物种与居民物种之间更为明显，这可以用微观生境隔离和居民与迁徙鸣鸟之间行为的差异来解释。我们还发现，某些栖息地特征可能会介导观察到的物种共现模式。特别是，树木较多的地点与某些常驻木鸣鸟的同时发生有关。此外，我们讨论了物种共生可能是由于我们未考虑到的环境因素共同偏好的结果。我们的研究强调了物种共生与栖息地特征之间相互作用的重要性，这对于确定新热带工作景观中常驻鸟类的存在和栖息地利用具有重要意义。