1 INTRODUCTION

Pathological narcissism has a long history dating back 2000 years, which has evolved into contemporary clinical psychology as a trait that may require clinical attention (Grenyer, 2013). Traditionally, Narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) is one of the 10 identified personality disorders in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM‐5). An alternative trait‐based model of personality disorders in DSM‐5 described in Section III includes a more contemporary version of NPD. The former NPD description only describes the grandiose form characterised by a grandiose sense of self‐importance, fantasies of success, power, and so forth, a belief in one's specialness, desire for admiration, sense of entitlement, interpersonal exploitativeness, and lack of empathy. The alternative NPD also describes impairments in functioning across identity, self‐direction, empathy, and intimacy and while identifying pathological personality traits of grandiosity and attention seeking (both facets of antagonism) it also identifies more vulnerable narcissism presentations with aspects of negative affectivity such as depressivity and anxiousness (American Psychiatric Association, 2013; see Pincus, Dowgwillo, & Greenberg (2016) for descriptions of three cases of NPD using the alternative DSM‐5 model). Thus, contemporary views of pathological narcissism recognise both grandiose and vulnerable components.

中文翻译：

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临床医生基于证据的方法的快速指南：自恋型人格障碍

1引言

病理性自恋的历史可追溯至2000年，如今已发展成为当代临床心理学，可能是需要临床关注的特质（Grenyer，2013）。传统上，自恋型人格障碍（NPD）是《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》第五版（DSM-5）中确定的10种人格障碍之一。第三部分中描述的DSM-5中另一种基于特征的性格障碍模型包括NPD的更新版本。以前的NPD描述仅描述了一种宏伟的形式，其特征是具有宏伟的自我重要性，对成功，权力的幻想，对自己的特殊性的信念，钦佩的渴望，应享的权利，人际间的剥削以及缺乏同情心。NPD替代方案还描述了跨身份，自我指导，同理心，和亲密感，并在识别宏大和寻求注意力（对抗的两个方面）的病理性人格特征时，还可以识别出较易受伤害的自恋症表现形式，这些表现形式具有诸如消极情绪和焦虑之类的负面情感（美国精神病学协会，2013；请参见Pincus，Dowgwillo和Greenberg） （2016年）中对使用替代DSM-5模型的三种NPD案例的描述）。因此，当代对病理性自恋的看法认识到了宏大和脆弱的成分。