There is increasing evidence that microorganisms emit a wide range of volatile compounds (mVOCs, microbial volatile organic compounds) that act as insect semiochemicals, and therefore play an important role in insect behaviour. Although it is generally believed that phylogenetically closely related microbes tend to have similar phenotypic characteristics and therefore may elicit similar responses in insects, currently little is known about whether the evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships among microorganisms have an impact on insect–microbe interactions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that phylogenetic relationships among 40 Bacillus strains isolated from diverse environmental sources predicted mVOC composition and the olfactory response of the generalist aphid parasitoid Aphidius colemani. Results revealed that phylogenetically closely related Bacillus strains emitted similar blends of mVOCs and elicited a comparable olfactory response of A. colemani in Y‐tube olfactometer bioassays, varying between attraction and repellence. Analysis of the chemical composition of the mVOC blends showed that all Bacillus strains produced a highly similar set of volatiles, but often in different concentrations and ratios. Benzaldehyde was produced in relatively high concentrations by strains that repel A. colemani, while attractive mVOC blends contained relatively higher amounts of acetoin, 2,3‐butanediol, 2,3‐butanedione, eucalyptol and isoamylamine. Overall, these results indicate that bacterial phylogeny had a strong impact on mVOC compositions and as a result on the olfactory responses of insects.

中文翻译：

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细菌系统发育预测蚜虫类寄生虫的挥发性有机化合物组成和嗅觉响应

越来越多的证据表明，微生物会释放出广泛的挥发性化合物（mVOC，微生物挥发性有机化合物），它们充当昆虫的化学信息素，因此在昆虫的行为中起着重要的作用。尽管一般认为系统发育密切相关的微生物倾向于具有相似的表型特征，因此可能在昆虫中引起相似的反应，但目前对于微生物的进化历史和系统发育关系是否对昆虫与微生物的相互作用产生影响尚知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们检验了以下假设：从多种环境来源分离的40株芽孢杆菌菌株之间的系统发生关系可预测mVOC组成和普通蚜虫类寄生虫的嗅觉反应蚜虫。结果表明，系统发生学上密切相关的芽孢杆菌属菌株发射mVOCs的类似共混物和引发的可比较的嗅觉反应A. colemani在Y形管嗅觉计生物检测，吸引和排斥之间变化。对mVOC共混物化学成分的分析表明，所有芽孢杆菌菌株均产生一组高度相似的挥发物，但通常具有不同的浓度和比例。苯甲醛是由高浓度的菌株抵制的，这些菌株可以抵抗A. colemani，而有吸引力的mVOC共混物中所含的乙醛，2,3-丁二醇，2,3-丁二酮，桉油精和异戊胺含量相对较高。总体而言，这些结果表明细菌的系统发育对mVOC成分以及对昆虫的嗅觉响应具有强烈影响。