Abstract We studied the effectiveness of resistance inductors (RIs) to control potato late blight (LB) in Peru. Plants of susceptible cultivar Yungay were sprayed separately with each of the following RIs: Potassium phosphite, aluminum lignosulfonate, organics acids, and silicon oxide, and then inoculated with Phytophthora infestans in laboratory and greenhouse conditions in Lima. Potassium phosphite and aluminum lignosulfonate were then tested in field trials using four potato cultivars with different levels of susceptibility to LB in three locations in the central highlands of Peru during the wet season. They were tested either alone, in alternation with each other, or in alternation with the contact fungicide propineb. Other treatments were propineb alone; spraying based on a decision support tool using systemic (propamocarb + fluopicolide; dimethomorph + mancozeb) and/or contact fungicide (propineb); and a control treatment without fungicides. Disease severity, commercial yield and environmental impact (EI) were assessed in all experiments. The most effective treatments depended on the susceptibility of the potato cultivar. In the susceptible cultivars Canchan and Yungay, the best treatments were potassium phosphite and propineb (alone or alternated); in the moderately resistant cultivar UNICA, the best treatments were potassium phosphite, and aluminum lignosulfonate alternated with propineb, and propineb alone; and in the resistant cultivar Serranita, all treatments were effective to control LB. Since potassium phosphite has very low environmental impact quotient, these results showed that it is possible to control LB in an environmental-friendly manner using RIs, even in susceptible cultivars during the wet season in the highlands of Peru.

中文翻译：

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秘鲁马铃薯晚疫病抗性诱导剂的有效性

摘要 我们研究了抗性诱导剂 (RI) 在秘鲁控制马铃薯晚疫病 (LB) 的有效性。敏感品种 Yungay 的植物分别用以下每种 RI 喷洒：亚磷酸钾、木质素磺酸铝、有机酸和氧化硅，然后在利马的实验室和温室条件下接种致病疫霉。然后，在雨季期间，在秘鲁中部高地的三个地点，使用四种对 LB 具有不同敏感性的马铃薯品种在田间试验中测试了亚磷酸钾和木质素磺酸铝。它们单独进行测试，相互交替测试，或与接触杀真菌剂 propineb 交替测试。其他治疗是单独使用propineb；基于使用全身性（霜霉威 + 氟啶虫胺）的决策支持工具进行喷洒；甲氧吗啉 + 代森锰锌）和/或接触杀菌剂（propineb）；和不含杀菌剂的对照处理。在所有实验中都评估了疾病严重程度、商业产量和环境影响 (EI)。最有效的处理取决于马铃薯品种的敏感性。在感病品种Canchan和Yungay中，最好的处理是亚磷酸钾和propineb（单独或交替）；在中等抗性品种UNICA中，最佳处理是亚磷酸钾、木质素磺酸铝与propineb交替、单独propineb；在抗病品种Serranita中，所有处理均能有效控制LB。由于亚磷酸钾的环境影响系数非常低，这些结果表明使用 RI 可以以环境友好的方式控制 LB，