Kicking is a natural behaviour of horses, but it can become problematic if stall components are hit and do not withstand the impact load. Injuries may occur due to material failure or hoof entrapment. In Germany, while the Animal Protection Law is intended to prevent such incidents, neither the law nor the corresponding interpretation aid indicates how this requirement should be fulfilled. This paper gives an overview of the methods of determining horse kick energy and presents results of own kick energy measurements. The outcome of a re-evaluation of literature data is presented and two attempts to roughly estimate the expected kick load are introduced. The developed measuring device consists of a steel-made framework, mechanical energy sensors, and an impact panel. Its verification was carried out by loading with impacts of defined energy applied by a pendulum impact machine. The measurement of kick energy was taken at a stud farm in the context of heat detection by observing the response of a mare to the presence of a stallion, whereby the kicks of the stallion were measured. With regard to the kick-resistance and entrapment-safety calculation, a representative value of 71 J was calculated and using a safety factor of 1.5 this gives a design value of 106 J. The presented results and the theoretical background of kick energy measurements described should in the future form the basis for the dimensioning of kick-resistant and entrapment-secure stall planks.

中文翻译：

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马踢冲击能量的实验测定

踢腿是马的自然行为，但如果失速部件被击中且无法承受冲击载荷，则可能会出现问题。由于材料故障或蹄卡住，可能会造成伤害。在德国，虽然《动物保护法》旨在防止此类事件发生，但法律和相应的解释工具均未指明应如何满足这一要求。本文概述了确定马踢能量的方法，并介绍了自己踢能量的测量结果。介绍了重新评估文献数据的结果，并介绍了粗略估计预期冲击载荷的两次尝试。开发的测量装置由钢制框架、机械能传感器和冲击面板组成。其验证是通过加载由摆锤冲击机施加的确定能量的冲击来进行的。通过观察母马对种马存在的反应，在发情检测的背景下，在种马场测量踢腿能量，从而测量种马的踢腿。关于抗冲击性和卡夹安全性计算，计算了 71 J 的代表值，并使用 1.5 的安全系数得出了 106 J 的设计值。 所介绍的结果和所描述的冲击能量测量的理论背景应该将来形成防踢和防夹栏板尺寸的基础。通过观察母马对种马存在的反应，在发情检测的背景下，在种马场测量踢腿能量，从而测量种马的踢腿。关于抗冲击性和卡夹安全性计算，计算了 71 J 的代表值，并使用 1.5 的安全系数得出了 106 J 的设计值。 所呈现的结果和所描述的冲击能量测量的理论背景应该将来形成抗踢和防夹栏板尺寸的基础。通过观察母马对种马存在的反应，在发情检测的背景下，在种马场测量踢腿能量，从而测量种马的踢腿。关于抗冲击性和卡夹安全性计算，计算了 71 J 的代表值，并使用 1.5 的安全系数得出了 106 J 的设计值。 所呈现的结果和所描述的冲击能量测量的理论背景应该将来形成抗踢和防夹栏板尺寸的基础。