We examine the fundamental tenets of the theory of geochemical barriers and their role in landscapes associated with an intensification of migration processes caused by an enhancement in anthropogenic activity, including in the sphere of industrial production. Observational evidence indicates that the flow of multiple elements in the form of substances, which is produced by the aluminum smelters of Khakassia and enters the landscapes through the atmosphere, contains the associations of hydrous migrating pollutants. According to their accumulation weight, they can be subdivided into the following groups: main pollutants—F, Al, Na and Ni whose content in the melt water exceeds the background level by factors of 10 to100, associated pollutants—Mn, Sr, Ca and Mg (exceeding the background levels by a factor of 10), and secondary pollutants—Si, Zn, Ba, K, Fe, V and Pb (exceeding the background level by factors of 1.8 to 7.0). For all the indicators analyzed, including toxicity, fluorine has been identified as the priority pollutant, and special emphasis was placed on it in the analysis of the migration mechanisms. The following geochemical barriers play an important role in the accumulation and migration processes of pollutants: biogeochemical (organogenic and humus-organogenic, and sorption), and physicochemical (sedimentation, evaporation, and multifunctional: solonetz). It has been found that in conditions of technogenesis, soil-geochemical barriers do not conform fully to a classical understanding of the function of the barrier, i. e. the transition of elements to an inactive or slightly active form, as they can accumulate not only in a slightly active, but also in an active form. It allowed us to expand the concept of geochemical barriers and define them as active barriers or starter barriers.

中文翻译：

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天然和科技成因草原景观土壤的屏障功能

我们研究了地球化学屏障理论的基本原理及其在与人类活动（包括工业生产领域）的增强引起的迁移过程加剧相关的景观中的作用。观测证据表明，由哈卡斯铝冶炼厂生产并通过大气进入景观的多种元素以物质形式流动，其中包含含水迁移污染物的关联。根据它们的累积重量，它们可以细分为以下几组：主要污染物——融水中含量超过背景水平10-100倍的F、Al、Na和Ni；伴生污染物——Mn、Sr、Ca和Mg（超过背景水平 10 倍）和二次污染物——Si、Zn、Ba、K、Fe、V 和 Pb（超出背景水平 1.8 至 7.0 倍）。对于包括毒性在内的所有分析指标，氟已被确定为优先污染物，并在迁移机制分析中特别强调氟。以下地球化学屏障在污染物的积累和迁移过程中起着重要作用：生物地球化学（有机和腐殖质-有机和吸附）和物理化学（沉淀、蒸发和多功能：solonetz）。已经发现，在技术成因条件下，土壤地球化学屏障不完全符合对屏障功能的经典理解，即元素向非活性或微活性形式的转变，因为它们不仅可以在略微活跃，但也处于活跃状态。