Abstract

We previously applied simple analytical models to show that a community structure may be disrupted if interspecific food relations are disregarded. The primary goal of multispecies modeling is to insure the sustainable existence of a community or ecosystem, and, if possible, to increase its production level, which entails a higher catch level. The potential of the two major multispecies models—the cohort model, MSVPA, and the mass-balance production model, ECOPATH/ECOSIM—have been analyzed. The first model needs more structured feeding data (by species and age for both predators and preys), while the second requires only trophic level data. The MSVPA model involves only fishing species and external predators; the second model considers matter flows among all levels of the food web, although it disregards seasonal and interannual variability in feeding. The identification of parameters for a multispecies model involves labor-intensive trophological research. V.S. Ivlev, one of the first Russian trophology scientists, set up a number of experiments to identify the consumption rates among fish. Experiments on the estimation of the rates of the digestion of various prey species in the stomachs of particular predator species are also of particular importance. Our estimates of mortality from predation for the fish community of the Barents Sea obtained with MSVPA show that mortality from predation is sometimes higher than that of fishing mortality. Another important factor contributing to recruitment into the northeast Arctic cod stock (the major one in the Barents Sea) is cannibalism. In studies on the dynamics and sustainability of aquatic communities and in the formation of advice for fishery management, it is particularly important to consider the predation mortality in stocks of prey species, such as capelin, which is the most preferable food item for many predatory fish, mammals, and birds.

中文翻译：

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形态学研究在多物种渔业分析中的重要性

摘要

我们以前使用简单的分析模型来表明，如果忽略种间食物关系，则可能破坏社区结构。多物种建模的主要目标是确保一个社区或生态系统的可持续存在，并在可能的情况下提高其生产水平，这需要更高的捕捞水平。已经分析了两个主要的多物种模型（队列模型MSVPA和质量平衡生产模型ECOPATH / ECOSIM）的潜力。第一个模型需要更有条理的饲养数据（按物种和年龄划分，包括捕食者和猎物），而第二个模型仅需要营养级数据。MSVPA模型仅涉及捕捞物种和外部捕食者；第二种模型考虑了食物网各个层面之间的物质流动，尽管它忽略了喂养的季节性和年度间变化。多物种模型参数的确定涉及劳动密集型的营养学研究。VS Ivlev是俄罗斯最早的营养学科学家之一，他建立了许多实验来确定鱼类的食用率。估计特定捕食动物的胃中各种猎物的消化速率的实验也特别重要。我们通过MSVPA获得的巴伦支海鱼类群落捕食造成的死亡率估计表明，捕食引起的死亡率有时高于捕捞死亡率。食人症是促使东北北极鳕鱼种群（巴伦支海中的主要种群）招募的另一个重要因素。