Abstract

Analysis of data from meteorological observations near the Kursk Biosphere Station, Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, for the past 40 years shows a steady increase in temperature against the background of an increasing deficit of precipitation in this area. At the same time, the precipitation is characterized by a high instability and a contrast distribution by year, as well as by an increase in the number and duration of dry periods. Precipitation (in particular, snow accumulation) is an important source of moisture and a significant factor of functioning for forest–steppe landscapes. It is shown that different landscape types can have a two- to fourfold difference in snow accumulation, which plays a decisive role in the formation of moisture reserves. Agrolandscapes are deficient in moisture, which contributes to deeper freezing of soils, as well as to the deterioration of their water permeability and the development of a surface snowmelt runoff from fields, which leads to landscape degradation. The essence of the concept of land degradation neutrality, which mainly concerns the maintenance of global sustainable land use, is to obtain objective parameters for state of landscapes and to assess the proportion of lands exposed to degradation. Atmospheric moisture in forest–steppe landscapes is a significant factor determining their functioning and can be used as a local indicator of the concept.

中文翻译：

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大气湿度是森林草原景观中土地退化中性的一个因素

摘要

在过去40年中，对来自俄罗斯科学院地理研究所Kursk生物圈站附近气象观测数据的分析表明，在该地区降水不足的背景下，气温一直稳定上升。同时，降水的特点是不稳定性高，每年的反差分布，以及干旱时期的数量和持续时间的增加。降水（尤其是积雪）是水分的重要来源，也是森林草原景观发挥功能的重要因素。结果表明，不同的景观类型在积雪方面可能有2到4倍的差异，这在水分储备的形成中起着决定性的作用。农业景观缺水，这导致土壤更深的冻结，以及土壤通透性的下降和田间地表融雪径流的发展，从而导致景观退化。土地退化中立概念的主要内容是维护全球可持续土地利用，其实质是获取景观状况的客观参数并评估遭受退化的土地比例。森林草原景观中的大气水分是决定其功能的重要因素，可以用作该概念的局部指标。它主要涉及维护全球可持续土地利用，目的是获取景观状况的客观参数并评估遭受退化的土地比例。森林草原景观中的大气水分是决定其功能的重要因素，可以用作该概念的局部指标。它主要涉及维护全球可持续土地利用，目的是获得景观状况的客观参数并评估遭受退化的土地比例。森林草原景观中的大气湿度是决定其功能的重要因素，可以用作该概念的局部指标。