Abstract

Soil microorganisms are an integral part of the soil. Almost all of the processes taking place in it are associated to some degree with the vital activity of microorganisms. Therefore, the characteristics of the microbial community are among the most important diagnostic indicators reflecting the conditions of soil formation. Paleosols retain a number of properties from the moment of burial, and this is reflected in the corresponding parameters of their microbial community: the active biomass of microorganisms, the ecological–trophic structure of the microbial community, the oligotrophy index, etc. Microbial communities of soils of different ages of different natural regions of the Volga–Don interfluve were studied in order to elucidate the laws of their spatiotemporal change in connection with the existing conditions of soil formation. It is established that the characteristics of the microbial communities of modern soils in the dry and desert–steppe zones of the southeastern Russian Plain to a greater extent reflect the specifics of local conditions of soil formation. Thus, with one subtype of affiliation, soils located in different lithological, geomorphological, and landscape conditions can very noticeably differ in microbiological parameters. Conversely, the characteristics of microbial communities of various soil types (subtypes) can be quite close if the latter are confined to similar relief elements, parent rocks, and levels of groundwater occurrence. The state of microbial communities in a given historical period is largely determined by the laws of evolution of a specific soil area (landscape) and the secular variability of bioclimatic conditions. In this regard, local specificity arises in the dynamics of the state of microbial communities and their structural and functional organization.

中文翻译：

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伏尔加河—顿河干扰草原土壤微生物群落状态的时空动态

摘要

土壤微生物是土壤不可或缺的一部分。其中发生的几乎所有过程都在某种程度上与微生物的生命活动有关。因此，微生物群落的特征是反映土壤形成条件的最重要的诊断指标之一。古土壤从埋葬开始就保留了许多特性，这反映在它们的微生物群落的相应参数中：微生物的活性生物量，微生物群落的生态营养结构，低营养指数等。为了阐明伏尔加河-顿河交错带不同自然区域不同年龄的土壤，以阐明其时空变化与土壤形成的现有条件有关的规律。可以确定的是，俄罗斯东南部平原的干旱和荒漠草原地区现代土壤微生物群落的特征在很大程度上反映了土壤形成的当地条件。因此，通过一种隶属关系，位于不同岩性，地貌和景观条件下的土壤的微生物学参数会非常不同。相反，如果将各种土壤类型（亚型）的微生物群落限制在相似的起伏元素，母体岩石和地下水产生水平的范围内，则微生物群落的特征可能非常接近。在给定的历史时期内，微生物群落的状态在很大程度上取决于特定土壤区域（景观）的演变规律以及生物气候条件的长期变化性。在这方面，