Abstract

The biological and economic efficiency of the use of the new, combined herbicide Uniko, CSC, (100 g/L fluroxypyr + 2.5 g/L florasulam) at application rates of 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, and 1.75 L/ha is studied in field trials. Cereal crops were sprayed in three stages: tillering/early booting, flag leaf stage, and heading (the experiment using herbicides at the latest stage was performed in Russia for the first time). The trials were carried out according to the Guidelines for Registration Tests of Herbicides in Agriculture in 2016 and 2017. The use of 1.0 L/ha Uniko herbicide at early stages of cereal crop growth and development provided 66.4–83.4% of weed clearing. This was more effective than the use of 0.43 L/ha standard Demetra, EC. An increase in the application rate of the herbicide Uniko, CSC, led to an increase in its biological efficiency to 68.8–91.0% (1.25 L/ha), 72.4–95.3% (1.5 L/ha), and 76.5–97.3% (1.75 L/ha). The use of the maximum rate of standard Demetra, EC, (0.57 L/ha) proved to be less effective: the total weed infestation of cereal crops decreased by 62.4–86.7%. The advantage of the Uniko herbicide over the standard was that it had a stronger effect on weed species, such as Papaver rhoeas, Sonchus arvensis L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Chenopodium album L., and Amaranthus retroflexus L. Late treatments (at the flag leaf stage and, in particular, at the crop-booting stage) were generally less effective (up to 25%) than treatments at the tillering stage. Despite the decrease in the general efficiency of late treatments, they can be productive in some cases, taking into account the biological features of some weed species, as in the case of the late emergence of seedlings of Convolvulus arvensis L., for which the stage of its highest vulnerability to the effect of herbicides can fall on the crop-heading time. According to the study results, the herbicide Uniko, CSC, is recommended for use in the Russian Federation.

中文翻译：

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谷物作物不同生长阶段除草剂适用性的生物学依据

摘要

在田间研究了在1.0、1.25、1.5和1.75 L / ha的施用量下使用新的联合除草剂Uniko CSC（100 g / L氟草烟+ 2.5 g / L灭草灵）的生物学和经济效率审判。对谷物作物进行三个阶段的喷雾：分till /早熟，旗叶阶段和抽穗（在俄罗斯，首次进行了最近阶段使用除草剂的实验）。试验根据《农业除草剂注册测试指南》进行在2016年和2017年。在谷物作物生长和发育的早期阶段使用1.0升/公顷的Uniko除草剂可清除66.4–83.4％的杂草。这比使用0.43 L / ha的标准Demetra，EC更有效。除草剂Uniko CSC的施用率增加，其生物效率提高到68.8–91.0％（1.25 L / ha），72.4–95.3％（1.5 L / ha）和76.5–97.3％（ 1.75升/公顷）。事实证明，使用标准的Demetra，EC最高速率（0.57 L / ha）效果不佳：谷物作物的杂草总侵害减少了62.4–86.7％。Uniko除草剂优于该标准的优点是，它对杂草物种（例如罂粟，Sonchus arvensis L.，Cirsium arvense（L.）Scop。，藜（Chenopodium album L.）和A菜（Amaranthus retroflexus L.）的后期处理（在旗叶期，特别是在农作物生长期）通常比分till期的处理效果差（达25％）。尽管后期处理的总体效率有所下降，但考虑到某些杂草物种的生物学特征，在某些情况下它们仍可以提高生产效率，例如在田间旋花的幼苗出现较晚的情况下，其对除草剂作用的最大脆弱性可能取决于作物抽穗时间。根据研究结果，建议在俄罗斯联邦使用除草剂Uniko CSC。