Organic pollutants in water have been the main contaminations of concern for man. 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (TCP), is a toxic carcinogen phenolic derivative which exists in effluents of chemical industries and the removal of this pollutant is critical. As the removal of TCP from industrial effluents is important, various techniques have been applied such as adsorption, chemical oxidation, chemical coagulation, and anaerobic biodegradation. In adsorption technique, nanobentonite is considered as a suitable adsorbent due to the low cost, small size of particles, large surface area, naturally available, and intense adsorption capacity. To separate adsorbent particles easily through an external magnetic field, magnetic nanomaterials, such as Fe₃O₄, can be fixed on nanobentonite. In this research, magnetized bentonite nanocomposite was synthesized for fast adsorption of TCP from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was characterized by a Vibrating-Sample magnetometer (VSM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Zetasizer Nanoparticle analyzer and the effect of adsorbent dose; pH and contact time parameters on the adsorption process of TCP were evaluated. Moreover, the isotherms and adsorption kinetics were studied. The pH 5 was considered as the optimal pH. The results of kinetic experiments showed that by increasing the contact time, the adsorption efficiency was increased and the equilibrium contact time was found to be about 60 minutes. In optimal pH and equilibrium time (60 min) conditions with the adsorbent dose of 1 g/L, the percentage of adsorption by magnetized nanobentonite was achieved 96.777% while unmodified bentonite adsorbed 68.25% of TCP in equilibrium time of 3 h. The experimental data of adsorption indicated more conformity with the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models. As a deduction, nanobentonite with high adsorption capacity was prepared from bentonite mines of Iran and magnetized by Fe₃O₄ leading to easy and fast separation of nanocomposite TCP from the solution.

中文翻译：

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磁铁矿-膨润土纳米复合材料对水溶液中2,4,6-三氯苯酚的快速吸附动力学及等温线研究

水中的有机污染物一直是人类关注的主要污染物。2,4,6-三氯酚（TCP）是一种有毒的致癌酚类衍生物，存在于化学工业的废水中，去除这种污染物至关重要。由于从工业废水中去除TCP很重要，因此已应用了各种技术，例如吸附，化学氧化，化学混凝和厌氧生物降解。在吸附技术中，由于纳米膨润土的成本低，颗粒尺寸小，表面积大，天然可得且吸附能力强，因此被认为是合适的吸附剂。为了通过外部磁场轻松分离吸附剂颗粒，需要使用磁性纳米材料（例如Fe ₃ O _4），可以固定在纳米膨润土上。在这项研究中，合成了磁化的膨润土纳米复合材料，用于从水溶液中快速吸附TCP。通过振动样品磁力计（VSM），透射电子显微镜（TEM），傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR），X射线衍射（XRD）和Zetasizer纳米颗粒分析仪对吸附剂进行了表征，并对吸附剂的用量进行了表征。考察了TCP吸附过程中pH和接触时间参数。此外，研究了等温线和吸附动力学。pH 5被认为是最佳pH。动力学实验结果表明，通过增加接触时间，提高了吸附效率，发现平衡接触时间约为60分钟。在最佳pH和平衡时间（60分钟）条件下，吸附剂剂量为1 g / L，在3 h的平衡时间内，磁化纳米膨润土的吸附百分比达到96.777％，而未改性的膨润土吸附TCP的68.25％。吸附实验数据表明与拟二级和Langmuir等温线模型更加吻合。作为推论，从伊朗的膨润土矿中制备了具有高吸附能力的纳米膨润土，并对其进行了磁化₃ O ₄可以轻松快速地从溶液中分离出纳米复合材料TCP。