Abstract

For small HPPs operating as off-grid low capacity generation facilities, it is advisable to adjust the ballast load capacity for the AC frequency deviation from the nominal value. At present, there are two practical circuit designs of this type of a controller: 1. Step ballast load connection to the generator output using a contactor-relay switching; and 2. The use of analog power semiconductor automation (analog ballast load). The advantage of this solution is more accurate automatic control. One of the most promising circuit designs for small HPP ballast load controllers is a digital frequency controller. Digital measurement is widely used in modern circuitry, characterized by high accuracy and is well combined with a stepwise automatic ballast switched by thyristor contactors. The practice of using digital frequency controllers to stabilize the rotational speed of an off-grid small HPP has shown that they provide adequate power plant dynamic indicators and stable plant operation with almost all types of hydraulic turbines. This work, based on the analysis of the current use of digital frequency controllers as automatic ballast load controllers for small HPPs, proposes the use of automatic digital microprocessor control systems.

中文翻译：

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小型水电站的数字镇流器负载控制器

摘要

对于作为离网低容量发电设施运行的小型HPP，建议调整镇流器负载容量，以使AC频率偏离标称值。目前，有两种这类控制器的实用电路设计：1.使用接触器继电器开关将镇流器负载逐步连接至发电机输出；2.使用模拟功率半导体自动化技术（模拟镇流器负载）。该解决方案的优点是更精确的自动控制。小型HPP镇流器负载控制器最有前途的电路设计之一是数字频率控制器。数字测量在现代电路中得到了广泛的应用，其特点是精度高，并且与晶闸管接触器开关的逐步自动镇流器很好地结合在一起。使用数字频率控制器来稳定离网小型HPP的转速的实践表明，它们为几乎所有类型的水轮机提供了足够的电厂动态指示器和稳定的电厂运行。这项工作是在分析当前数字频率控制器作为小型HPP的自动镇流器负载控制器的基础上，提出使用自动数字微处理器控制系统。