Abstract

Finding and studying the mechanisms of action of substances of natural origin that would reduce fatigue and restore the performance of skeletal muscles under extreme physical loads are very important tasks of sports physiology and medicine. A comparison of the effects of decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) and ammonium chloride (AChl), which we previously tested separately and in combination with GTE in the forced swimming model, allowed it to be established that has a greater stimulative effect than does GTE. In the present work, on the basis of electron microscopy data, morphometric studies of m. soleus (SOL) and m. extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle fibers of rats were conducted after a forced swimming cycle after the effect of GTE and low doses of ammonium salts (chloride (AChl) or carbonate (ACar)). In GTE group rats, the adaptation to physical load mainly occurs due to an increase in the average area of mitochondria in SOL muscles. In AChl group rats, the adaptation is caused by an increase in the average area of mitochondria in EDL muscles, while, at the same time, the average area of transversely oriented (in relation to the cut plain) T-tubules (TTs) in these muscles decreases along with an increase in the portion of longitudinally oriented TTs, indicating muscle fiber breaks. The combined action of AChl and GTE provides an additive functional effect due to an increase in the average area and volumetric density of mitochondria in EDL muscles and average area of TTs in SOL and EDL muscles, as well as their amount in EDL muscles. In ACar group rats, the functional effect is caused by an increase in the average area of TTs in EDL muscles and their amount in SOL muscles. At the same time, the portion of longitudinal TTs in EDL muscles (and therefore muscle fiber breaks) increases. In the group of combined ACar and GTE effect, changes in mitochondrial apparatus were detected in slow twitch, but especially in fast twitch muscles, as well as an increase in the area of TTs in SOL muscles. Analysis of ultrastructural characteristics indicates that the efficiency of preparations is mainly caused by adaptive changes of TTs and fast twitch muscle mitochondria, but it increases with the involvement of slow twitch muscle fibers in structural and functional adaptation to extreme physical load.

中文翻译：

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绿茶提取物和铵盐引入背景下强迫游泳后大鼠慢速和快速抽搐肌纤维的超微结构特征

摘要

寻找和研究天然物质在极端物理负荷下的作用机理，该机理可减少疲劳并恢复骨骼肌的性能，是体育生理学和医学领域非常重要的任务。我们先前分别测试了脱咖啡因的绿茶提取物（GTE）和氯化铵（AChl）的作用，并与GTE一起在强迫游泳模型中进行了比较，从而确定了它比GTE具有更大的刺激作用。在目前的工作中，基于电子显微镜数据，对m进行了形态计量学研究。比目鱼（SOL）和m。在GTE和低剂量的铵盐（氯化物（AChl）或碳酸盐（ACar））作用后的强迫游泳周期后，进行大鼠指趾伸肌（EDL）肌肉纤维的运动。在GTE组大鼠中 对身体负荷的适应主要是由于SOL肌肉中线粒体的平均面积增加。在AChl组大鼠中，适应是由EDL肌肉中线粒体平均面积的增加引起的，而与此同时，横切（相对于切开的平原）T型管（TT）的平均面积这些肌肉随着纵向定向TT的增加而减少，表明肌肉纤维断裂。AChl和GTE的联合作用由于EDL肌肉中线粒体的平均面积和体积密度的增加以及SOL和EDL肌肉中TT的平均面积及其在EDL肌肉中的数量的增加而提供了附加的功能作用。在ACar组大鼠中，功能作用是由于EDL肌肉中TT的平均面积增加以及SOL肌肉中的TT数量增加所致。同时，EDL肌肉中纵向TT的部分增加（因此，肌纤维断裂）。在ACar和GTE联合作用的组中，在缓慢的抽搐中（尤其是在快速抽搐的肌肉中）检测到线粒体器具的变化，并且在SOL肌肉中发现了TTs的面积增加。对超微结构特征的分析表明，制剂的功效主要是由TTs和快肌肌肉线粒体的适应性变化引起的，但是随着慢肌纤维对极端身体负荷的结构和功能适应的参与，其效率会提高。EDL肌肉中纵向TT的部分（因此，肌肉纤维断裂）增加。在ACar和GTE联合作用的组中，在缓慢的抽搐中（尤其是在快速抽搐的肌肉中）检测到线粒体器具的变化，并且在SOL肌肉中发现了TTs的面积增加。对超微结构特征的分析表明，制剂的功效主要是由TTs和快肌肌肉线粒体的适应性变化引起的，但是随着慢肌纤维对极端身体负荷的结构和功能适应的参与，其效率会提高。EDL肌肉中纵向TT的部分（因此，肌肉纤维断裂）增加。在ACar和GTE联合作用的组中，在缓慢的抽搐中（尤其是在快速抽搐的肌肉中）检测到线粒体器具的变化，并且在SOL肌肉中发现了TTs的面积增加。对超微结构特征的分析表明，制剂的功效主要是由TTs和快肌肌肉线粒体的适应性变化引起的，但是随着慢肌纤维对极端身体负荷的结构和功能适应的参与，其效率会提高。