Abstract

Once-through cooling systems of NPPs and TPPs have well-known advantages compared with reverse systems. Currently in Russia, their design is not allowed according to the Water Code due to environmental concerns. The basis for such a decision for condensing power stations is disputed by the professional community. The question on the abolition of this ban for NPPs and TPPs on the initiative of the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation is decided at the legislative level. In a separate class can be distinguished once-through cooling systems with cooling ponds of the marine type. They use the advantages connected with unlimited amount of water for cooling. The associated environment protection problems can and must be solved at the design development stage. The article discusses the issues of substantiation of their layout and parameters at the predesign stage, taking into account the requirements of environmental protection. A coupling physical and numerical modeling is proposed as a tool of computational justification. With such approach, the advantages of both the modeling kinds are used, and it becomes possible to consider the service cooling water system as a system of interconnected components. The article presents an example of hybrid modeling for elaborating measures aimed to prevent silting of the NPP water intake and water conduit structures caused by deposition of suspended drift. Prospects for application of the proposed method for justification of cooling systems as an important element in improving competitiveness and also developing the export potential of Russia’s energy complex are considered.

中文翻译：

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使用船用冷却池和环境保护对NPP和TPP的直通式冷却系统进行建模

摘要

与反向系统相比，NPP和TPP的直流冷却系统具有众所周知的优势。由于对环境的关注，目前在俄罗斯，根据《水法》，其设计不允许使用。专业人士对此作出冷凝电厂决定的依据表示怀疑。在俄罗斯联邦能源部的倡议下，关于取消对核电厂和TPP的禁令的问题是在立法层面上决定的。在单独的类别中，可以区分具有海洋型冷却池的直流冷却系统。他们利用与无限量的水相关的优势进行冷却。相关的环境保护问题可以并且必须在设计开发阶段解决。本文在考虑到环保要求的情况下，讨论了在预设计阶段证实其布局和参数的问题。提出了一种物理和数值耦合的模型作为计算合理性的工具。通过这种方法，使用了两种建模类型的优点，并且可以将服务冷却水系统视为相互连接的组件系统。本文提供了一个混合建模示例，用于详细说明旨在防止由于悬浮漂移的沉积而引起的NPP取水口和水导管结构淤积的措施。